Spine
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Prospective cohort study. ⋯ One-third of initial bone grafts were found to be resorbed over 5 years and the majority of this resorption was found to occur between 6 months and 1 year after instrumented lumbar/lumbosacral fusion. Furthermore, bone graft volumetric changes were not affected by fusion methods or ranges of fusion, and did not affect clinical or functional outcomes. Although bone graft volume loss was found to increase with initial graft volume, larger bone grafts were found to result in a larger fusion mass.
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Clinical Trial
Pediatric and adult three-dimensional cervical spine kinematics: effect of age and sex through overall motion.
Cross-sectional study. ⋯ HAM location in axial rotation and flexion/extension was more anterior in young females compared to adult females. Young females had a more anterior HAM location in flexion/extension compared to young males, indicating an effect of sex. For females, the HAM locations of adults were superior to those of children in flexion/extension and lateral bending whereas in males the HAM locations of adults were inferior to those of children. Age-related differences in HAM orientation were also observed in axial rotation and lateral bending. CONCLUSION.: Cervical spine kinematics vary with age and sex. The variation in spine mechanics based on age and sex found in the present study may indicate general trends that would grow stronger in even younger children (age <4 years).
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Comparison of feasibility and safety of the placement of short and long iliac screws by anatomic and biomechanical evaluations as they apply to lumbo-iliac fixation construct. ⋯ The local stability is rather difficult to be restored to the original levels regardless the length of iliac screws. Obviously, long iliac screws resisted significantly greater axial pullout force. However, under physiologic, torsional, and compressive loading conditions, the mechanical stability of lumbo-pelvic fixation construct with short iliac screws was comparable with that of the long ones. Therefore, the use of short iliac screws, which are only about half the length of the long iliac screws, could reduce the implantation risk without significantly compromising on the stability of the construct.
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Retrospective review of a prospective, multicenter study. ⋯ Despite having started with significantly greater leg pain and disability, surgically treated patients at 2-year follow-up had significantly less leg pain and disability than nonoperatively treated patients. Surgical treatment has the potential to provide significant improvement of leg pain in adults with scoliosis.
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Prevalence of degenerative imaging findings in lumbar magnetic resonance imaging among young adults.
A cross-sectional imaging study of young adults. ⋯ Almost half of young Finnish adult aged 21 years had at least one degenerated disc, and a quarter had a bulging disc. Modic changes and disc herniations were, however, relatively rare.