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• Spine · Jul 2009

  Meta Analysis

  Empirical evidence of an association between internal validity and effect size in randomized controlled trials of low-back pain.

  We conducted a methodologic study. ⋯ We conclude that the 11-item Internal Validity Checklist is associated with effect size in randomized trials of interventions for back pain, and that our data support the use of a sum score of the number of fulfilled items in this list.

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