Spine
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Retrospective study with epidemiologic analysis of public Medicare data. ⋯ Level 3-retrospective.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Intravenous Ketorolac Substantially Reduces Opioid Use and Length of Stay After Lumbar Fusion: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. ⋯ By reducing opioid use, improving pain control on postoperative day 1, and decreasing LOS without increases in complications or pseudarthrosis, IV-K may be an important component of "enhanced recovery after surgery" protocols.
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Multicenter Study Observational Study
Epidemiology and Comparative Analysis of Outcomes of Intramedullary Spinal Cord Tumor Between Pediatric and Adult Patients.
This was as clinical retrospective study. ⋯ We found that the clinical characteristics of ISCTs differed between pediatric and adult patients. In terms of histopathological types, astrocytoma was most common in pediatric patients. ISCT occurring at an early age may not be an indicator for poor prognosis.
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Retrospective controlled cohort. ⋯ 3.