Spine
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Intravenous Ketorolac Substantially Reduces Opioid Use and Length of Stay After Lumbar Fusion: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. ⋯ By reducing opioid use, improving pain control on postoperative day 1, and decreasing LOS without increases in complications or pseudarthrosis, IV-K may be an important component of "enhanced recovery after surgery" protocols.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
20-year Clinical Outcomes of Cervical Disc Arthroplasty: A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Trial.
Prospective, randomized, controlled trial. ⋯ Both CDA and ACDF are effective in treating cervical radiculopathy with sustained improvement in NDI, VAS neck and VAS arm pain at 20 years. CDA demonstrates lower reoperation rates than ACDF. There were no failures of the arthroplasty device requiring reoperation at the index level. The symptomatic nonunion rate of ACDF was 4.2% at 20 years. Despite a higher reoperation rate in the CDA group versus ACDF group, there was no difference in the 20-year NDI, VAS Neck, and VAS arm pain scores.