AJR. American journal of roentgenology
-
The article will introduce radiologists to decision making under uncertainty to foster a better understanding of the overutilization of imaging. ⋯ Understanding the precepts of the expanding field of behavioral economics has relevance for health care in general and radiology in particular.
-
AJR Am J Roentgenol · May 2014
ReviewMalignant skin and subcutaneous neoplasms in adults: multimodality imaging with CT, MRI, and 18F-FDG PET/CT.
The purpose of this article is to enlighten radiologists with the clinical presentation, multimodality imaging features, local recurrence, distant spread, differential diagnosis, and prognosis of skin and subcutaneous malignancies. ⋯ Cutaneous and subcutaneous malignancies represent the most common type of cancer and frequently present with overlapping imaging appearances. CT, MRI, and (18)F-FDG PET/CT are commonly used for staging, preoperative planning, and posttreatment assessment. Knowledge of the multimodality imaging features can narrow down the differential diagnosis and elucidate their metastatic pattern.
-
Recent technologic advances in MDCT have led to the introduction of dual-energy CT (DECT). The basic principle of DECT is to acquire images at two different energy levels simultaneously and to use the attenuation differences at these different energy levels for deriving additional information, such as virtual monochromatic images, artifact suppression, and material composition of various tissues. ⋯ A variety of image reconstruction and postprocessing techniques are available for better demonstration and characterization of pathologic abnormalities. DECT can provide both anatomic and functional information of different organ systems. This article focuses on the main applications of DECT in emergency radiology.
-
The purposes of this article are to briefly review the history of lung cancer screening, discuss the results and implications of the National Lung Screening Trial, and address some of the questions that remain since the publication of this landmark study. ⋯ Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States and the world. The National Lung Screening Trial showed a 20% reduction in lung cancer mortality among individuals at high risk undergoing low-dose CT. The findings opened the door for clinical lung cancer screening and publication of lung cancer screening guidelines. However, many questions remain, including whom to screen, how often, and for how long. Furthermore, costs and effects on the health care system remain unclear.
-
Spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) typically prompts a search for an underlying ruptured saccular aneurysm, which is the most common nontraumatic cause. Depending on the clinical presentation and pattern of SAH, the differential diagnosis may include a diverse group of causes other than aneurysm rupture. ⋯ For the purposes of this review, we classify SAH into three main patterns, defined by the distribution of blood on unenhanced CT: diffuse, perimesencephalic, and convexal. The epicenter of the hemorrhage further refines the differential diagnosis and guides subsequent imaging. Additionally, we review multiple clinical conditions that can simulate the appearance of SAH on CT or MRI, an imaging artifact known as pseudo-SAH.