Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Aug 2023
The effect of adverse employment circumstances on physical pain: Evidence from Australian panel data.
Physical pain is a common health problem with great public health implications. Yet evidence on whether adverse employment circumstances shape physical pain is limited. Using longitudinal data from 20 waves (2001-2020) from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics of Australia Survey (HILDA; N = 23,748), a lagged design, Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regressions as well as multilevel mixed effect linear regressions, we investigated the association between past accumulated unemployment and recent employment circumstances with physical pain. ⋯ These results held after controlling for socio-demographic characteristics, occupation, and other health-related factors. These findings are consistent with recent work that suggested that psychological distress can influence physical pain. Understanding how adverse employment circumstances impact physical pain is crucial to the design of health promotion policies.
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Preventive medicine · Aug 2023
Randomized Controlled TrialOmni-media health education combined with nanodrug therapy on the creation of gastrointestinal microenvironment and the improvement of treatment compliance in patients with gastrointestinal tumors.
According to the randomization method, 82 patients can be divided into two groups, the control group and the study group, each with 41 patients participating in the investigation. All patients in the control group were cared for, and the study group used a health education model. ⋯ To enable patients to accurately grasp health knowledge during treatment, score self-management ability (ESCA), and maintain a level of satisfaction with care. (1) In the study group, the standard treatment of patients directly reached 97.56%, regular review reached 95.12%, regular exercise reached 90.24%, the degree of smoking cessation reached 92.68%. (2) The mastery of disease and health knowledge in the first group (95.12%) was significantly higher than that of (78.05%) (P < 0.05). (3) After the intervention, the first group scored higher for self-responsibility (27.07 ± 3.15), self-awareness (25.59 ± 3.11), health knowledge (40.38 ± 4.54), and self-care skills (36.45 ± 3.19). (4) The nursing satisfaction level of the first group was (92.68%), which was significantly higher than that of the other group (75.61%). According to the conclusions, it can be shown that health education for tumor patients can improve patients' compliance with treatment and mastery of disease health knowledge, which is conducive to improving patients' self-management ability.
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Preventive medicine · Aug 2023
Longitudinal trajectories of smoking status using 25 year annually-updated data and all-cause mortality followed over 30 years: A community-based prospective cohort study.
We aimed to evaluate the long-term risk of smoking for all-cause mortality according to smoking status trajectories using 25-year annually-repeated input, traced by group-based trajectory modeling with an extension to account for non-random participant attrition or truncation due to death. We examined 2682 men and 4317 women aged 40 to 59 years who participated in annual health checks for the community-based prospective cohort study, 1975-1984 enrollment in Japan. The main outcome measure was all-cause mortality (follow-up period: median 30.2 years in men and 32.2 years in women). ⋯ Among community residents aged 40 to 59 years, 25-year-trajectory-based lifelong smokers had an approximately 30% increased risk for all-cause mortality compared to one-time-point-based smokers. Risk of all-cause mortality among smokers with earlier cessation varied materially. It is necessary to consider the trajectories of smoking status to clarify the long-term excess risk of smoking.
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Preventive medicine · Aug 2023
Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on immunization with pneumococcal vaccines in children and older adults in Brazil.
The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly impacted individuals, resulting in long-lasting consequences. One of the effects has been a decline in vaccine adherence attributed to physical distancing measures, potentially contributing to the resurgence of preventable diseases, and posing diagnostic challenges. Consequently, monitoring immunization rates becomes crucial as an indicator for health promotion campaigns and to mitigate the strain on healthcare systems. ⋯ However, not all showed a statistically significant change associated with the pandemic. Therefore, it is essential for states that experienced a decline in vaccination rates during the COVID-19 pandemic to closely monitor changes in pneumococcal vaccination. Failure in the process may lead to an increase in pneumococcal infections and place an additional burden on the healthcare system.
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Preventive medicine · Aug 2023
Public risk perception of air pollution in the general population of Italy and Sweden during the COVID-19 pandemic: Environmental and socio-demographic drivers.
Air pollution is an important anthropogenic hazard due to its effect on human health and the environment. Understanding how the population perceives the risk associated with air pollution is a crucial aspect to inform future policies and communication strategies. The aim of this study is to examine the association between air pollution concentrations and public risk perception of air pollution, also exploring socio-demographic patterns in the general population of Italy and Sweden. ⋯ Direct experience is the main driver of risk perception in both countries. Being male and smokers in Italy, older age and having left/centre-left political orientation in both countries are associated with a higher perceived likelihood and impact of air pollution. These findings will inform future health and environmental studies regarding the public risk perception of air pollution highlighting individual's awareness and the socio-demographic patterns.