The American journal of emergency medicine
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study
Does intraosseous equal intravenous? A pharmacokinetic study.
Despite the growing popularity of intraosseous infusion for adults in emergency medicine, to date there has been little research on the pharmacokinetics of intraosseously administered medications in humans. The objective of the study was to compare the pharmacokinetics of intraosseous vs intravenous administration of morphine sulfate in adults. ⋯ The results support the bioequivalence of intraosseous and intravenous administration of morphine sulfate in adults.
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Capillary refill time (CRT) has been taught as a rapid indicator of circulatory status. The aim of this study was to define normal CRT in the Australian context and the environmental, patient, and drug factors that influence it. ⋯ Capillary refill time varies with environmental and patient factors, but these account for only a small proportion of the variability observed. Its suitability as a reliable clinical test is doubtful.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Analgesic pretreatment for antibiotic skin test: vapocoolant spray vs ice cube.
The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of ethyl chloride spray and ice cube for the control of pain induced by the antibiotic skin test. ⋯ The ice cube application was significantly more effective than the vapocoolant spray in reducing the pain of the antibiotic skin test. Hence, the ice cube pretreatment is suggested for easy and fast pain reduction for the antibiotic skin test in the emergency department.
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Prostaglandins (PGs), particularly PGE2 and PGI2, have a salutary effect on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion-induced myocardial damage. ⋯ These findings suggest that PGs have a critical role in myocardial function and viability during low-blood-flow states produced by CPR and possibly other low-blood-flow clinical conditions.