The American journal of emergency medicine
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study
Does intraosseous equal intravenous? A pharmacokinetic study.
Despite the growing popularity of intraosseous infusion for adults in emergency medicine, to date there has been little research on the pharmacokinetics of intraosseously administered medications in humans. The objective of the study was to compare the pharmacokinetics of intraosseous vs intravenous administration of morphine sulfate in adults. ⋯ The results support the bioequivalence of intraosseous and intravenous administration of morphine sulfate in adults.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Analgesic pretreatment for antibiotic skin test: vapocoolant spray vs ice cube.
The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of ethyl chloride spray and ice cube for the control of pain induced by the antibiotic skin test. ⋯ The ice cube application was significantly more effective than the vapocoolant spray in reducing the pain of the antibiotic skin test. Hence, the ice cube pretreatment is suggested for easy and fast pain reduction for the antibiotic skin test in the emergency department.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Volumetric bladder ultrasound performed by trained nurses increases catheterization success in pediatric patients.
The objective of the study was to determine whether the use of volumetric ultrasound by trained pediatric emergency department (ED) nurses improves first-attempt urine collection success rates. ⋯ Although there is a time delay, urine collection in the ultrasound arm generated a significant improvement over conventional catheterization in obtaining an adequate urine sample.