The American journal of emergency medicine
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study
Does intraosseous equal intravenous? A pharmacokinetic study.
Despite the growing popularity of intraosseous infusion for adults in emergency medicine, to date there has been little research on the pharmacokinetics of intraosseously administered medications in humans. The objective of the study was to compare the pharmacokinetics of intraosseous vs intravenous administration of morphine sulfate in adults. ⋯ The results support the bioequivalence of intraosseous and intravenous administration of morphine sulfate in adults.
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Capillary refill time (CRT) has been taught as a rapid indicator of circulatory status. The aim of this study was to define normal CRT in the Australian context and the environmental, patient, and drug factors that influence it. ⋯ Capillary refill time varies with environmental and patient factors, but these account for only a small proportion of the variability observed. Its suitability as a reliable clinical test is doubtful.
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The aim of the study was to assess the quality of care between male and female emergency department (ED) patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). ⋯ Women with AMI treated in the ED have a lower likelihood of receiving aspirin, beta-blocker, and reperfusion therapy. However, this association appears to be explained by the age difference between men and women with AMI. Although there are no apparent sex disparities in care, ED AMI management remains suboptimal for both sexes.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study
A randomized controlled trial of intranasal fentanyl vs intravenous morphine for analgesia in the prehospital setting.
The objective of the study was to compare intranasal fentanyl (INF) with intravenous morphine (IVM) for prehospital analgesia. ⋯ There was no significant difference in the effectiveness of INF and IVM for prehospital analgesia.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Management of severe acute pain in emergency settings: ketamine reduces morphine consumption.
The aim of the study was to compare in emergency settings 2 analgesic regimens, morphine with ketamine (K group) or morphine with placebo (P group), for severe acute pain in trauma patients. ⋯ Ketamine was able to provide a morphine-sparing effect.