Nutrition
-
A great deal of epidemiologic evidence has indicated that fruits and vegetables are protective against numerous forms of cancer. However, there are many gaps in our knowledge. ⋯ The inverse association between intake of fruits and vegetables and the risk of cancer of the colon, breast, and stomach has generally been much stronger in case-control than in cohort studies. We have no clear explanation for this.
-
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Weight loss and total lipid profile changes in overweight women consuming beef or chicken as the primary protein source.
Conflicting recommendations are prevalent regarding the appropriateness of red meat versus white meat consumption for individuals aiming to reduce body weight and cardiovascular disease risk. ⋯ These findings demonstrated that weight loss and improved lipid profile can be accomplished through diet and exercise, whether the dietary protein source is lean beef or chicken.
-
To highlight the clinical and metabolic correlates of abdominal obesity and various abdominal adipose tissue depots. ⋯ Several physiological and metabolic parameters are site-specific in abdominal adipose tissue. The epidemiological, clinical, and prognostic significance and relative importance of the regional adipose tissue depots, however, remain to be ascertained.
-
Comparative Study
Can bioelectrical impedance analysis identify malnutrition in preoperative nutrition assessment?
Malnutrition is characterized by changes in cellular membrane integrity and alterations in fluid balance, both of which can be detected by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). We investigated whether BIA-measured variables could detect malnutrition, as defined by the Subjective Global Assessment (SGA), in preoperative surgical patients. ⋯ Although not in close agreement with SGA, the results suggested that there are some alterations in tissue electrical properties with malnutrition that can be detected by BIA. New cutoff points may be needed for application of BIA as a complementary method in the nutrition assessment of surgical patients.
-
We investigated the co-occurrence of vitamin A deficiency, iron deficiency, and anemia among young children in the Republic of the Marshall Islands. ⋯ Children in the Republic of the Marshall Islands, ages 1 to 5 y, are at high risk of anemia, vitamin A deficiency, and iron deficiency, and one-third of these children had the co-occurrence of vitamin A and iron deficiencies. Further investigation is needed to identify risk factors and evaluate interventions to address vitamin A and iron deficiencies among children.