Nutrition
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Australian patients with coronary heart disease achieve high adherence to 6-month Mediterranean diet intervention: preliminary results of the AUSMED Heart Trial.
It is unclear whether the cardioprotective Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) can be adhered to in non-Mediterranean populations. The aim of this study was to report preliminary results on adherence to a 6-mo ad libitum MedDiet intervention in multiethnic Australian patients with coronary heart disease, including maintenance at 12 mo. ⋯ The MedDiet intervention in this pilot trial of Australian patients with coronary heart disease was well adhered to, improved diet quality, and could therefore provide a feasible alternative to a low-fat diet. Notably, improvement in adherence to the MedDiet was achieved through dietitian-led intervention and cross-cultural translation of dietary principles.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
The effects of whey and soy liquid breakfast on appetite response, energy metabolism, and subsequent energy intake.
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of animal-based protein (whey; WP) compared with plant-based protein (soy; SP) and carbohydrate (CHO) liquid breakfast on appetite, energy metabolism, and subsequent energy intake. ⋯ There was a significant difference in hunger (P = 0.033), fullness (P = 0.002), satiety (P = 0.001), desire to eat (P = 0.024), and prospective food consumption (P = 0.021) between the three breakfast meals. Fullness and SP compared with CHO. A higher (P < 0.001) TEM and lower (P < 0.05) respiratory exchange ratio (RER) was observed after WP and SP compared with CHO. In addition, a higher (P = 0.022) energy intake at lunch was observed after CHO (769 ± 259 kcal) compared with WP (654 ± 252 kcal) and SP (664 ± 296 kcal), with no difference (P = 0.966) between WP and SP. Consuming SP at breakfast exerts comparable effects to WP on appetite profile, energy metabolism, and subsequent energy intake, suggesting that SP is a reasonable alternative to WP as a protein supplement source to aid in body weight control.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Effects of prebiotics on immunologic indicators and intestinal microbiota structure in perioperative colorectal cancer patients.
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of prebiotics (containing fructooligosaccharides, xylooligosaccharides, polydextrose, and resistant dextrin) intake on immune function and intestinal microbiota structure in perioperative patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). ⋯ Prebiotic intake is recommended to improve serum immunologic indicators in patients with CRC 7 d before operation. Prebiotics improved the abundance of four commensal microbiota containing opportunistic pathogens in patients with CRC. Surgical stress decreased the abundance of most intestinal microbiota in the intestinal tract but increased the abundance of some opportunistic pathogens and commensal microbiota. Bacteroides is a relevant bacterial species for further research on the mechanism of prebiotics.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Creatine supplementation can improve impact control in high-intensity interval training.
This study aimed to investigate the effects of creatine (Cr) supplementation on biomechanical parameters related to shock attenuation during a session of high-intensity interval training (HIIT). ⋯ Cr supplementation has the potential to influence biomechanical parameters related to impact control during a single session of HIIT based on running. In particular, the findings of the current study indicate possible improvements in shock attenuation and a safer practice of HIIT under Cr supplementation.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Effects of ω-3 supplementation on the nutritional status, immune, and inflammatory profiles of gastric cancer patients: A randomized controlled trial.
The aim of this study was to study the effect of ω-3 supplementation on the nutritional status and the immune and inflammatory profiles of patients with gastric cancer during antineoplastic pretreatment. ⋯ Supplementation with ω-3 leads to weight gain, reduction in the inflammatory profile, and maintenance of the nutritional and immune profiles of these patients, but further studies are needed to examine changes in body composition.