Nutrition
-
The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is threatening global health and is especially pronounced in patients with chronic metabolic syndromes. Meanwhile, a significant proportion of patients present with digestive symptoms since angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which is the receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is highly expressed in the intestine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a high-fat diet (HFD) and a maternal HFD on the intestinal ACE2 levels in adults and neonates. ⋯ The influence of an HFD on intestinal ACE2 protein levels is opposite in adults and neonates. Macrophages might also be involved in SARS-CoV-2 intestinal infection. These findings provide some clues for the outcomes of patients with COVID-19 with metabolic syndromes.
-
Soy-based formula has evolved in usage and processing technology since its introduction in 1909, and has been used as substitute formula for infants or children with cow milk allergy since 1929. At present, personal opinions, religious background, availability, palatability, and cost are part of the reasons soy-based formula is chosen. Technology in processing soy-based formula has evolved from using soy flour to soy protein isolate, which provides advantages. However, concerns remain regarding the impact of its use on the growth and development of children. ⋯ Consensus was achieved, concluding that soy protein isolate formula is safe, affordable, and an alternative option for cow's milk-based formula for term infants.
-
The reference values to determine vitamin A and D deficiency may vary based on ethnicity, age, and region of residence. The aim of this study was to determine the reference interval of circulating vitamin A and D levels among Iranian children and adolescents based on sex, age, and region of residence. ⋯ This study established the reference intervals for circulating 25(OH)D and retinol levels in Iranian adolescents and children in different age groups based on sex and region.
-
Randomized Controlled Trial
Time-of-day effects of consumption of fish oil-enriched sausages on serum lipid parameters and fatty acid composition in normolipidemic adults: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, and parallel-group pilot study.
The body clock controls diurnal rhythms of nutrient digestion, absorption, and metabolism. Fish oil (FO) contains abundant ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), that are thought to lower triglyceride (TG) levels. This randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group trial aimed to confirm the effects of the time of FO intake on TG in healthy Japanese adults. ⋯ These findings suggested that the timing of FO intake affects both serum FA concentrations and TG metabolism in normolipidemic humans. The mechanisms of these effects of FO on lipid metabolism require further investigation.
-
Randomized Controlled Trial
Oral chronic sulforaphane effects on heavy resistance exercise: Implications on inflammatory and muscle damage parameters in young practitioners.
Sulforaphane is a phytochemical that is commonly found in broccoli and broccoli sprouts. However, whether chronic sulforaphane ingestion suppresses heavy resistance exercise-induced muscle damage parameters in humans remains unknown. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of oral chronic sulforaphane ingestion on heavy resistance exercise-induced muscle damage parameters. ⋯ Together, these findings suggest that the oral chronic intake of sulforaphane suppressed the heavy resistance exercise-induced increase in muscle damage parameter and expression of inflammatory cytokines. The chronic use of sulforaphane may be a novel therapeutic candidate for the prevention of muscle damage in athletes training daily with high-intensity exercise.