Nutrition
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Individuals with cancer are affected by a loss of cell membrane integrity due to electrolyte imbalance between the intra- and extracellular fluids. Cell membrane integrity and hydration status can be assessed according to the phase angle (PhA) and the risk for sarcopenia, by using the Strength, Assistance for walking, Rise from a chair, Climb stairs, and Falls (SARC-F) questionnaire. To our knowledge, this approach has not been validated in patients with cancer. The aims of this study were to verify the prevalence of the risk for sarcopenia, and to analyze the association between PhA and the risk for sarcopenia with and without adjustment for extracellular water content. ⋯ We found that 22.5% of patients with cancer presented with a risk for sarcopenia. Additionally, an association between lower PhA values and enhanced risk for sarcopenia highlighted the importance of adequate hydration and evaluation of fluid status via BIA as a new recommendation to prevent sarcopenia.
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Multicenter Study Observational Study
Development and validation of a rapid-decision pathway to diagnose malnutrition in patients with lung cancer.
Malnutrition is frequently developed and outcome-related in patients with lung cancer (LC). Making a rapid and accurate diagnosis of malnutrition is the major concern for dietitians and clinicians. ⋯ This study presents a rapid-decision pathway, including a set of tools that can be conveniently used to facilitate the diagnosis and severity grading of malnutrition in patients with LC.
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Although consumption of vegetable and 100% fruit juices are an acceptable alternative for vegetable and fruit intake, information about their actual effects on kidney function is sparse. The aim of this study was to determine the association between the consumption of vegetable and fruit juices and changes in kidney function in a Japanese population over a 5-y period. ⋯ This 5-y prospective study suggested an association between self-reported moderate consumption of vegetable juice and changes (possibly smaller decline) in kidney function in a relatively healthy Japanese population.
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Observational Study
Nutritional assessment and factors affecting dietary intake in patients with cirrhosis: A single-center observational study.
Malnutrition is predictor of morbidity and mortality in patients with cirrhosis. We investigated prevalence of malnutrition and factors affecting dietary intake in patients with cirrhosis. ⋯ Malnutrition seen in 65% of patients. Total calories and protein intake was significantly low compared with recommendation even in well-nourished patients. Distension of abdomen, social myth about diet, and low sodium in diet were key factors affecting dietary intake in patients with cirrhosis and malnutrition.
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Because it is involved in calcium homeostasis, vitamin D is a prohormone with many implications for health, especially bone health. Hypovitaminosis D is considered pandemic worldwide, with important health health consequences. The aim of our study was to evaluate vitamin D levels in children living in a southern region of Italy with high exposure to sunlight for at least 5 mo a year along with contributing factors. ⋯ More than 80% of our population had 25(OH)D less than sufficiency cutoff levels. Results highlight a high prevalence of 25(OH)D deficiency in our area, even during summer. It is important to establish screening, supplementation guidelines, and pediatric cutoff levels to optimize vitamin D status in children, taking into account age, nutritional status, and seasonality.