Nutrition
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Individuals with cancer are affected by a loss of cell membrane integrity due to electrolyte imbalance between the intra- and extracellular fluids. Cell membrane integrity and hydration status can be assessed according to the phase angle (PhA) and the risk for sarcopenia, by using the Strength, Assistance for walking, Rise from a chair, Climb stairs, and Falls (SARC-F) questionnaire. To our knowledge, this approach has not been validated in patients with cancer. The aims of this study were to verify the prevalence of the risk for sarcopenia, and to analyze the association between PhA and the risk for sarcopenia with and without adjustment for extracellular water content. ⋯ We found that 22.5% of patients with cancer presented with a risk for sarcopenia. Additionally, an association between lower PhA values and enhanced risk for sarcopenia highlighted the importance of adequate hydration and evaluation of fluid status via BIA as a new recommendation to prevent sarcopenia.
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High-flow nasal-cannula (HFNC) oxygen therapy is increasingly used in the management of respiratory distress. Since this treatment may be required for many days and may impair nutritional intake, this study planned to observe the energy and protein intake of individuals receiving this therapy. ⋯ Administration of HFNC oxygen therapy was associated with significant underfeeding. In order to reach optimal caloric and protein intake, parenteral nutrition may be considered.
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Multicenter Study
Nutritional status and nutrition support in critically ill children in Spain: Results of a multicentric study.
Critically ill children are often malnourished and require nutrition support (NS). Early enteral nutrition (EEN) seems to be safe in critically ill patients. However, there is a scarcity of data about the management of EEN in sick pediatric patients. The aim of this study was to analyze the nutritional status, NS characteristics, macronutrient supply, and associations between NS and outcomes in critically ill children in Spain. ⋯ Malnutrition was prevalent among critically ill children in Spain. Being overweight was associated with a shorter PICU LOS. EEN was safe and was associated with a higher caloric intake; however, it is rarely used in PICUs in Spain.
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The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has disproportionally affected a variety of patients with underlying risk factors such as respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, obesity, and black race. Vitamin D deficiency, which can result in a compromised immune response, has been also linked to increased risk and increased morbidities associated with COVID-19. In the absence of large-scale longitudinal studies to determine the strength of association between vitamin deficiency and COVID-19, cross-sectional studies of large patient cohorts can be used. ⋯ Vitamin D deficiency is significantly associated with increased risk for COVID-19.
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Obesity is an important cause of morbidity and mortality due to its close association with metabolic disorders including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and certain types of cancer. According to the Developmental Origins of Adult Health and Disease hypothesis, obesity is likely caused by epigenetic changes. Recent studies have shown an association between epigenetic dysregulation of certain genes and obesity. ⋯ These phytochemicals are known for their antioxidant effects but they also modify epigenetic mechanisms. These phytochemicals may have a therapeutic potential in the management of obesity. The aim of this study was to review the epigenetic effects of certain phytochemicals on the expression of obesity-related genes.