Nutrition
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Perioperative nutritional prehabilitation in malnourished children with congenital heart disease: A randomized controlled trial.
The poor preoperative nutritional state of children with congenital heart disease (CHD) is often exacerbated postoperatively. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of perioperative 1- versus 2-wk nutritional prehabilitation programs on growth and surgical outcomes in malnourished children with CHD. ⋯ The 2-wk prehabilitation program was associated with better anthropometric measurements, shorter ICU LOS postoperatively, and shorter duration of hospitalization and mechanical ventilation. The preoperative nutritional status of children with CHD had a negative effect on ICU LOS and duration of mechanical ventilation.
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Malnutrition plays a critical role in the onset and progress of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The aim of the present study was to explore the association of the prognostic nutritional index (PNI) score with the severity of COVID-19 and its predictive value of the severe form of COVID-19. ⋯ Poorer nutritional status predisposed patients infected with COVID-19 to its severe form. Independently associated with the severity of COVID-19, PNI score could serve as a simple, fast, and effective predictor among patients with different sex, age, and BMI.
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Multicenter Study Observational Study
Development and validation of a rapid-decision pathway to diagnose malnutrition in patients with lung cancer.
Malnutrition is frequently developed and outcome-related in patients with lung cancer (LC). Making a rapid and accurate diagnosis of malnutrition is the major concern for dietitians and clinicians. ⋯ This study presents a rapid-decision pathway, including a set of tools that can be conveniently used to facilitate the diagnosis and severity grading of malnutrition in patients with LC.
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Although consumption of vegetable and 100% fruit juices are an acceptable alternative for vegetable and fruit intake, information about their actual effects on kidney function is sparse. The aim of this study was to determine the association between the consumption of vegetable and fruit juices and changes in kidney function in a Japanese population over a 5-y period. ⋯ This 5-y prospective study suggested an association between self-reported moderate consumption of vegetable juice and changes (possibly smaller decline) in kidney function in a relatively healthy Japanese population.
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Sarcopenia worsens the prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of this study was to elucidate the plasma free amino acids (PFAAs) associated with sarcopenia or myosteatosis in the course of HCC recurrence. ⋯ Among the PFAAs, the level of BCAAs was associated with sarcopenia in the course of HCC recurrence.