Nutrition
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Thiamine deficiency (TD) is frequently suspected and treated at our hospital. In our retrospective study, we aimed at finding the clinical and laboratory spectrum of infantile TD presenting to a single center over a period of time. ⋯ Three clinically distinct forms of TD were recognized. Lactic acidosis was a universal finding in acidotic form. Infants with pulmonary hypertension as primary presentation are typically associated with aphonia. Infants with Wernicke's encephalopathy can be clinically diagnosed by presence of encephalopathy and ophthalmic signs (ptosis).
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The use of easily accessible methods to estimate skeletal muscle mass (SMM) in patients with cirrhosis is often limited by the presence of edema and ascites, precluding a reliable diagnosis of sarcopenia. The aim of this study was to design predictive models using variables derived from anthropometric and/or biochemical measures to estimate SMM; and to validate their applicability in diagnosing sarcopenia in patients with cirrhosis. ⋯ Our simple and inexpensive models provided a practical and safe approach to diagnosing sarcopenia patients with cirrhosis along with an estimate of their mortality risk when other reference methods are unavailable.
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The availability of nutrition applications (apps) has increased in recent years. The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of nutrient intake calculations from some of the leading apps. ⋯ The present findings suggest that the leading nutrition apps present critical issues in assessing the intake of energy and nutrients. Implementation of a framework for quality assessment is necessary to drive the design and development of higher-quality apps. Further research on efficacy and use of apps to monitor food intake is also warranted and some recommendations are provided.
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Association of urinary caffeine and caffeine metabolites with cardiovascular disease risk in adults.
Studies have shown that the consumption of a moderate amount of caffeine is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and may even be protective against CVD. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the association between urinary caffeine and its related metabolites and CVD risk in a national representative sample of US adults. ⋯ Urinary 1,3-dimethylxanthine and 1,3,7-trimethylxanthine were significantly and inversely associated with CVDs in women. Additional studies are needed to further confirm the results of this study and explore the underlying mechanisms.
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French food-based dietary guidelines (FBDG) were updated in 2017. The objective of this prospective study was to estimate the associations between the Programme National Nutrition Santé-guidelines score 2 (PNNS-GS2), reflecting the level of adherence to the 2017 FBDG, and the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). ⋯ In this large, prospective cohort study, a higher adherence to the French 2017 FBDG was strongly and inversely associated with the risk of developing T2D. Such analysis should be confirmed in other settings, but in terms of public health and nutritional policy, this study supports the relevance of the 2017 French FBDG.