Nutrition
-
The use of easily accessible methods to estimate skeletal muscle mass (SMM) in patients with cirrhosis is often limited by the presence of edema and ascites, precluding a reliable diagnosis of sarcopenia. The aim of this study was to design predictive models using variables derived from anthropometric and/or biochemical measures to estimate SMM; and to validate their applicability in diagnosing sarcopenia in patients with cirrhosis. ⋯ Our simple and inexpensive models provided a practical and safe approach to diagnosing sarcopenia patients with cirrhosis along with an estimate of their mortality risk when other reference methods are unavailable.
-
French food-based dietary guidelines (FBDG) were updated in 2017. The objective of this prospective study was to estimate the associations between the Programme National Nutrition Santé-guidelines score 2 (PNNS-GS2), reflecting the level of adherence to the 2017 FBDG, and the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). ⋯ In this large, prospective cohort study, a higher adherence to the French 2017 FBDG was strongly and inversely associated with the risk of developing T2D. Such analysis should be confirmed in other settings, but in terms of public health and nutritional policy, this study supports the relevance of the 2017 French FBDG.
-
Association of urinary caffeine and caffeine metabolites with cardiovascular disease risk in adults.
Studies have shown that the consumption of a moderate amount of caffeine is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and may even be protective against CVD. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the association between urinary caffeine and its related metabolites and CVD risk in a national representative sample of US adults. ⋯ Urinary 1,3-dimethylxanthine and 1,3,7-trimethylxanthine were significantly and inversely associated with CVDs in women. Additional studies are needed to further confirm the results of this study and explore the underlying mechanisms.
. -
Lower extremity (LE) muscle strength is an important factor for functional outcome in patients with stroke. However, to our knowledge, the factors influencing LE muscle strength in older patients with acute stroke have not been studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between prestroke sarcopenia risk and comorbidities with LE muscle strength in older patients with acute stroke. ⋯ Prestroke sarcopenia and diabetes mellitus are associated with LE muscle strength in older patients with acute stroke, and these assessments would be useful for clinicians.
-
The aim of this study was to develop and validate new predictive equations for estimating resting energy expenditure (REE) in subjects with normal weight and overweight, considering anthropometric parameters as well as raw variables from bioimpedance analysis (BIA). ⋯ Compared to the equations in the literature, the new equations showed good accuracy at both the group and individual levels, with a slight improvement in individual accuracy for the formula including raw BIA variables. However, future research is required to verify the role of the raw BIA variables in predicting REE in subjects with normal weight and overweight.