Nutrition
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Postprandial glucose and insulin response to a high-fiber muffin top containing resistant starch type 4 in healthy adults: a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial.
VERSAFIBE™ 2470 resistant starch (RS) is an RS type 4 that is derived from high-amylose maize starch,70% total dietary fiber (TDF; AOAC method 2009.01). This was a randomized, double-blind, crossover study to evaluate the postprandial blood glucose and insulin responses of healthy adults (n = 28) after the consumption of a muffin top made with VERSAFIBE™ 2470 RS (11.6 g TDF fiber muffin top) or a control muffin top (0.9 g TDF). ⋯ This study demonstrated that the inclusion of a practical dose of dietary fiber (11.6 g TDF) from VERSAFIBE™ 2470 RS in a bakery product significantly reduced postprandial glucose and insulin responses in healthy adults.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Protein supplementation enhances cerebral oxygenation during exercise in elite basketball players.
The aim of the present study was to examine cerebral oxygenation during high-intensity exercise in elite basketball players who consumed supplements with different whey protein contents after a short postexercise recovery to determine whether changing whey protein content in carbohydrate-based supplementation influences cerebral hemodynamic response when the supplement was consumed during a 2-h recovery after a 1-h exercise challenge. ⋯ Enhanced fatigue recovery after consumption of a high-protein supplement is associated with enhanced cerebral oxygenation against exercise challenge, which spares brain blood demand for periphery.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
High-dose vitamin D in Addison's disease regulates T-cells and monocytes: A pilot trial.
On the basis of the immunomodulatory actions of vitamin D (VD), we investigated the effects of high-dose VD therapy over a 3 mo period on the immune response in patients with Addison's disease (AD). ⋯ Three months of treatment with cholecalciferol achieved sufficient 25(OH)D3 levels and can regulate late-activated T-cells and monocytes in patients with AD. Explorative analysis revealed potential genetic contributions. This pilot trial provides novel insights about immunomodulation in AD.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Effects of a hypoenergetic diet rich in α-linolenic acid on fatty acid composition of serum phospholipids in overweight and obese patients with metabolic syndrome.
Plant-derived α-linolenic acid (ALA) may exert cardioprotective effects. Dietary ALA can undergo desaturation and elongation to form long-chain ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, but the extent to which this occurs in humans is unclear. The aim of the study was to examine the effects of an energy-restricted diet enriched with ALA on fatty acid composition of serum phospholipids in patients with metabolic syndrome. ⋯ Daily intake of 3.4 g of ALA during a 26-wk energy-restricted diet did not lead to an enrichment of serum phospholipids with ALA and did not increase eicosapentaenoic acid due to conversion. Additionally, dietary ALA was unable to compensate for a decrease in serum phospholipid docosahexaenoic acid.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
The effects of resistance training of swallowing muscles on dysphagia in older people: A cluster, randomized, controlled trial.
This study examined the effects of resistance training of swallowing muscles in community-dwelling older individuals with dysphagia. ⋯ Resistance training of swallowing muscles did not improve dysphagia in this study. Better nutritional status correlated independently with improved swallowing function.