Nutrition
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The aim of this study was to examine the association among adipose tissue eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), arachidonic acid (AA), and the ratios of EPA to AA and DHA to AA with impaired cognitive function. ⋯ Findings from this study suggest that a high ratio of EPA to AA in adipose tissue may be associated with better cognitive function. A similar association was observed with EPA, DHA, and the ratio of DHA to AA, but the results did not exclude a null association.
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Adipose tissue development starts in intrauterine life and cytokines are involved in this process. Therefore, understanding the role of cytokines in the fat mass gain of infants is crucial to prevent obesity later in life. Furthermore, recent evidence indicates a sex-specific link between cytokines and adipose tissue development. The objective of this study was to assess sex-specific relationships of cord blood concentrations of the cytokines leptin, zinc-α2-glycoprotein (ZAG), and adiponectin with infant adiposity during the first 3 mo of life. ⋯ The results of this study suggest that adiposity programming is sex-specific, which highlights the need to investigate the different metabolic mechanisms that are involved in adipogenesis.
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The aim of this study was to assess the association between the single-nucleotide polymorphism rs9939609 in the FTO gene and homeostatic/non-homeostatic eating behavior patterns in Chilean children. ⋯ The rs9939609 A allele of the FTO gene is associated with eating behavior traits and may predispose to obesity.
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After bariatric surgery, modifications to signaling pathway networks including those of the metabolic regulator called mammalian or mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) may lead to molecular alterations related to energy source availability, systemic nutrients, and catabolic and anabolic cellular processes. This study aimed to identify gene expression changes with regard to the mTOR complex 2 subunit signaling pathway in obese patients before and after bariatric surgery. ⋯ The weight loss that was induced by RYGB surgery alters the mTOR signaling pathway and specifically the mTOR complex 2 subunit. The increased expression of genes that act in this pathway such as RICTOR, PIK3 R1, and HIF1 A reflects the induced weight loss and improved metabolic indicators (e.g., insulin resistance and lipolysis) that are evidenced in this study.
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We examined the feasibility and acceptability of a non-restrictive diet that was focused on increasing dietary fiber and lean protein intake for weight loss. ⋯ A diet that promotes increased fiber and lean protein intake demonstrates feasibility and high acceptability ratings, which resulted in calorie and weight reductions and an improvement of the dietary quality.