Nutrition
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Obesity candidate genes, gestational weight gain, and body weight changes in pregnant women.
To examine the associations of two obesity-associated genes, FTO (rs9939609) and GNB3 (rs5443) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), with early pregnancy body mass index, gestational weight gain, and postpartum weight retention. ⋯ The FTO gene and possibly the GNB3 gene are associated with high gestational weight gain in obese black women. Obese carriers of the FTO risk allele gained 4.1 kg (AT) and 7.6 kg (TT) more than those without risk alleles. Overweight GNB3 heterozygotes (CT) gained 6.6 kg less than homozygotes (CC). Overweight or obese black women who have either risk variant are at risk for high gestational weight gain.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Parboiled rice metabolism differs in healthy and diabetic individuals with similar improvement in glycemic response.
White rice is a popular staple food; however, its high glycemic effect makes it an unfavorable choice for people with type 2 diabetes. ⋯ We conclude that PBR is a better alternative to WR or BR for diabetic individuals to control postprandial hyperglycemia.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
The effect of soluble fiber dextrin on postprandial appetite and subsequent food intake in healthy adults.
This crossover study investigated the effect of consuming a beverage that contains soluble fiber dextrin (SFD) on appetite and food intake in adults to test the hypothesis that beverages that contain 10 or 20 g of fiber from SFD would be more satiating than the control beverage. ⋯ Overall, the study results did not show an effect of SFD on appetite, food intake, and plasma markers of appetite for the first 150 min postconsumption. Further research is required to quantify how SFD influences appetite several hours after consumption.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Association of the Gly482Ser PPARGC1A gene variant with different cholesterol outcomes in response to two energy-restricted diets in subjects with excessive weight.
The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of two PPARGC1A gene polymorphisms on metabolic outcomes in response to two energy-restricted diets. ⋯ An energy-restricted MHP diet might be more beneficial than an LF diet to reduce serum cholesterol among subjects who are carriers of the PPARGC1A Gly482Gly genotype. The analysis of this genetic variant might be the basis for a precise, nutrigenetic management of hypercholesterolemia based on genetic makeup.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Maternal methyl donor supplementation during gestation counteracts bisphenol A-induced oxidative stress in sows and offspring.
Maternal oxidative stress is harmful for embryonic, fetal, and placental development. The aim of this study was to investigate whether methyl donor supplementation during gestation effectively ameliorates maternal and placenta oxidative stress up to offspring. ⋯ BPA diets fed to sows during gestation aggravated oxidative stress status in sows and piglets, whereas the methyl donor diets enhanced antioxidant capacity of sows and piglets and ameliorated oxidative stress induced by BPA.