Nutrition
-
Review Meta Analysis
Exploring the minimum ergogenic dose of caffeine on resistance exercise performance: A meta-analytic approach.
Caffeine ingestion has well-established ergogenic effects for resistance exercise performance. However, the concept of a minimum effective caffeine dose has not yet been thoroughly examined in the literature. Therefore, this review aimed to explore the minimum ergogenic dose of caffeine on resistance exercise outcomes, such as muscular strength, endurance, and velocity, using a meta-analytic approach. ⋯ This review demonstrated an ergogenic effect of very low doses of caffeine on resistance exercise performance. The magnitude of these effects was similar to that previously reported with higher caffeine doses. These findings highlight that the minimal ergogenic doses of caffeine are even lower than previously suggested. Such doses of caffeine can be consumed through a regular diet, because for most individuals, a dose of approximately 1 to 2 mg/kg is equivalent to a dose of caffeine in one to two cups of coffee.
-
The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of dietary assessment methods in randomized controlled trials focusing on individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and its impact on the favorability of conclusions. ⋯ The poor quality of dietary assessment in clinical trials casts uncertainty on the dietary outcomes and the validity of possible causal mechanisms. Attention to the accuracy and reliability of dietary assessment methods is indicated.
-
Review Meta Analysis
Melatonin supplementation and anthropometric indicators of obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
According to in vivo and in vitro studies, melatonin appears to be a potential supplement for obesity reduction. The aim of this study was to review the literature on randomized clinical trials that evaluated the effects of melatonin supplementation on anthropometric indicators of obesity in humans. ⋯ The results demonstrated that melatonin supplementation was responsible for significantly reducing body weight. More studies are needed before melatonin can be recommended for weight loss.
-
Low skeletal muscle mass (LSMM) can be assessed by imaging modalities and is associated with several clinically relevant factors in critically ill patients. Our aim was to establish the effect of computed tomography (CT)-defined LSMM on short-term mortality in critically ill patients based on a large patient sample. ⋯ CT-defined LSMM is highly prevalent in critically ill patients, has a relevant effect on short-term mortality, and should be included as a relevant prognostic biomarker in clinical routines.
-
Observational epidemiologic studies have reported a relationship between selenium status and risk for autoimmune diseases. However, the associations are susceptible to confounding or reverse causality. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the potential causal associations of selenium concentrations with the risk for common autoimmune diseases using a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) design. ⋯ The present study suggested a protective role of selenium on the risk for systemic lupus erythematosus. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.