British journal of anaesthesia
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Plasma substitution effects of a new hydroxyethyl starch HES 130/0.4 compared with HES 200/0.5 during and after extended acute normovolaemic haemodilution.
The volume expansion effect of a recently introduced hydroxyethyl starch, HES 130/0.4, was compared with the commonly used HES 200/0.5 after rapid infusion of a single large dose (up to 2 litres) administered during acute normovolaemic haemodilution (ANH). ⋯ This study demonstrates a good immediate and medium-term plasma volume substitution effect of HES 130 compared with HES 200. HES 130 could represent a suitable synthetic colloid for plasma volume substitution during extensive ANH.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Effect of intravenous alizapride on spinal morphine-induced pruritus.
This double-blind study was undertaken to determine whether alizapride inhibits spinal morphine-induced pruritus. ⋯ Alizapride reduced the severity of morphine-induced pruritus.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Comparison of different quantitative sensory testing methods during remifentanil infusion in volunteers.
The aim of this study was to compare thermal and current sensory testing stimuli with respect to opioid responsiveness. ⋯ Both current (5 and 250 Hz) and heat sensory testing detected a significant analgesic effect of a remifentanil infusion compared with saline. There was more response to current testing.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Pre-emptive analgesic efficacy of tramadol compared with morphine after major abdominal surgery.
Studies of pre-emptive analgesia in humans have shown conflicting results. This prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled study was designed to test the hypothesis that a reduction in postoperative morphine consumption can be achieved by tramadol administered after induction of anaesthesia. ⋯ Tramadol (1 mg kg(-1)), administered after induction of anaesthesia, offered equivalent postoperative pain relief, and similar recovery times and postoperative PCA morphine consumption compared with giving morphine 0.1 mg kg(-1). These results also suggest that presurgical exposure to systemic opioid analgesia may not result in clinically significant benefits .
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Emetic effects of morphine and piritramide.
Successful management of postoperative pain requires that adequate analgesia is achieved without excessive adverse effects. Opioid-induced nausea and vomiting is known to impair patients' satisfaction, but there are no studies providing sufficient power to test the hypothesis that the incidence of opioid-induced nausea and vomiting differs between micro -opioid receptor agonists. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that the incidence of vomiting and nausea differs between morphine and piritramide. ⋯ Opioid-induced emesis was observed in about one-third of the patients using morphine and piritramide for PCA and the incidence of vomiting was one-half of that. Potential differences in the incidence of vomiting during PCA therapy between these micro-opioid receptor agonists can be excluded.