World Neurosurg
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The endonasal route often provides the most direct and safe approach to skull base pathology. In this article we review the literature with regard to management of the paranasal sinuses in the setting of skull base surgery. ⋯ Careful management of the paranasal sinuses throughout the peri-operative course is paramount to optimizing sinonasal function and safety.
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To describe our designed protocol for the reconstruction of three-dimensional (3D) models applied to various endoscopic endonasal approaches that allows performing a 3D virtual dissection of the desired approach and analyzing and quantifying critical surgical landmarks. ⋯ The methodology for surgical training in the anatomic laboratory described in this article has proven to be very effective, producing a depiction of anatomic landmarks as well as 3D visual feedback that improves the study, design, and execution in various neurosurgical approaches. The Dextroscope as a virtual surgery simulation system can be used as a preoperative planning tool that can allow the neurosurgeon to perceive, practice reasoning, and manipulate 3D representations using the transsphenoidal perspective acquiring specifically visual information for endoscopic endonasal approaches to the skull base. The Dextroscope also can be used as an advanced tool for analytic purposes to perform different types of measurements between surgical landmarks before, during, and after dissection.