British medical bulletin
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British medical bulletin · Mar 2024
ReviewGenetics in Parkinson's disease, state-of-the-art and future perspectives.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder and is clinically characterized by the presence of motor (bradykinesia, rigidity, rest tremor and postural instability) and non-motor symptoms (cognitive impairment, autonomic dysfunction, sleep disorders, depression and hyposmia). The aetiology of PD is unknown except for a small but significant contribution of monogenic forms. ⋯ The application of PRS and integrated multi-omics in PD promises to improve the personalized care of patients.
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The existing treatment modalities for knee osteoarthritis (OA) do not actually address the pathology. Biological therapies, including those using material derived from perinatal tissues, represent a ground-breaking approach to alleviating the symptoms of OA of the knee. ⋯ The present published evidence suggests that WJ tissue and associated MSCs offer an encouraging alternative for the management of knee OA. The published in vitro, preclinical and clinical investigations demonstrate the therapeutic potential of WJ and promote further research in this field to provide symptomatic relief to patients suffering from OA, aiming also to regenerate the osteoarthritic hyaline cartilage, with disease-modifying effects. Future adequately powered randomized controlled trials should be undertaken to establish whether WJ is helpful in the management of OA of the knee.
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British medical bulletin · Dec 2023
ReviewInterventions to tackle health inequalities in cardiovascular risks for socioeconomically disadvantaged populations: a rapid review.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has shown significant health inequalities for people with low socioeconomic status associated with more risk factors. This review was to synthesize interventions that targeted CVD risks and outcomes among socioeconomically disadvantaged populations and to understand the impact associated with these interventions. ⋯ Research is needed with mixed evidence using real world evaluation and lived experience combined with health economic evaluation, on both mental and physical health outcomes.
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British medical bulletin · Dec 2023
ReviewSmall interfering RNAs in the management of human osteoporosis.
Osteoporosis results in reduced bone mass and consequent bone fragility. Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) can be used for therapeutic purposes, as molecular targets or as useful markers to test new therapies. ⋯ Despite the predictability of pharmacological response of siRNA in vitro, similar responses cannot be expected in vivo.
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British medical bulletin · Dec 2023
ReviewElevated mortality among the second-generation (children of migrants) in Europe: what is going wrong? A review.
The 'second-generation' (i.e. the children of migrants) represent one of the fastest growing subpopulations of the child and young adult populations in Europe today. The research so far appears to indicate that their mortality risk is elevated relative to people with non-migrant backgrounds. ⋯ Place more emphasis on the complexity of migration background, specific causes-of-death, and understanding the roles of explanatory factors beyond socioeconomic background.