Articles: hypoxaemia.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Aug 2018
Review Meta AnalysisOxygen supplementation for critically ill patients-A protocol for a systematic review.
In critically ill patients, hypoxaemia is a common clinical manifestation of inadequate gas exchange in the lungs. Supplemental oxygen is therefore given to all critically ill patients. This can result in hyperoxaemia, and some observational studies have identified harms with hyperoxia. The objective of this systematic review is to critically assess the evidence of randomised clinical trials on the effects of higher versus lower inspiratory oxygen fractions or targets of arterial oxygenation in critically ill adult patients. ⋯ Supplemental oxygen administration is widely recommended in international guidelines despite lack of robust evidence of its effectiveness. To our knowledge, no systematic review of randomised clinical trials has investigated the effects of oxygen supplementation in critically ill patients. This systematic review will provide reliable evidence to better inform future trialists and decision-makers on clinical practice on supplemental oxygen administration in critically ill patients.
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Clin. Microbiol. Infect. · Jul 2018
Assessing prediction accuracy for outcomes of ventilator-associated events and infections in critically ill children: A prospective cohort study.
To assess the prediction accuracy of the 2008 US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) definitions for ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP)/ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis (VAT), 2013 CDC definitions for ventilator-associated events (VAE) and a new VAE algorithm in the paediatric (Ped) population, the Ped-VAE. ⋯ The 2008 CDC criteria did not predict outcomes, whereas VAE only identified very severe events. The Ped-VAE algorithm had more accuracy predicting outcomes by characterizing lower oxygenation changes and identifying hypoxaemia severity, a major driver of management.
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Journal of sleep research · Dec 2017
Comparative StudyA comparison of pulse oximetry and cerebral oxygenation in children with severe sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome: a pilot study.
Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been used to assess the impact of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) on cerebral oxygenation. However, the relationship between the variations in the cerebral tissue oxygen saturation (ΔTOI) and pulse oximetry (ΔSpO2 ) has not been assessed in children with OSAHS. Consecutive clinically stable children with severe OSAHS [apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) >15 events h-1 ] diagnosed during a night-time polygraphy with simultaneous recording of cerebral oxygenation with NIRS (NIRO-200NX, Hamamatsu Photonics KK) were included between September 2015 and June 2016. ⋯ Maximal ΔSpO2 of approximately 70% were coupled with ΔTOI of no more than 35%. ΔPtcCO2 correlated only weakly with the cerebral oxygenation indexes. This pilot study shows a strong relationship between pulse oximetry and cerebral oxygenation in children with OSAHS, with lower changes in TOI compared to SpO2. Future studies should address the clinical impact of respiratory events on cerebral oxygenation and its consequences.
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Review Meta Analysis
Apnoeic oxygenation during intubation in the intensive care unit: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Hypoxaemia increases the risk of cardiac arrest and mortality during intubation. The reduced physiological reserve and reduced efficacy of pre-oxygenation in intensive care patients makes their intubation particularly dangerous. Apnoeic oxygenation is a promising means of preventing hypoxaemia in this setting. ⋯ Apnoeic oxygenation reduces patient hypoxaemia during intubation performed in the ICU. This meta-analysis found evidence that apnoeic oxygenation may significantly reduce the incidence of critical desaturation and significantly raises the minimum recorded SpO2 in this setting. We recommend apnoeic oxygenation be incorporated into ICU intubation protocol.
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J Clin Monit Comput · Aug 2017
Observational StudyPhotoplethysmography respiratory rate monitoring in patients receiving procedural sedation and analgesia for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.
The value of capnography during procedural sedation and analgesia (PSA) for the detection of hypoxaemia during upper gastrointestinal (UGI) endoscopic procedures is limited. Photoplethysmography respiratory rate (RRp) monitoring may provide a useful alternative, but the level of agreement with capnography during PSA is unknown. We therefore investigated the level of agreement between the RRp and capnography-based RR (RRc) during PSA for UGI endoscopy. ⋯ In 81 % of all apnoea events, photoplethysmography registered an RRp ≥ 4 brpm. We found a low level of agreement between capnography and the plethysmography respiratory rate during procedural sedation for UGI endoscopy. Moreover, respiratory rate derived from both the capnogram and photoplethysmogram showed a limited ability to provide warning signs for a hypoxaemic event during the sedation procedure.