Articles: stroke.
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Beauty Parlor Stroke Syndrome (BPSS), can present after neck hyperextension during activities like hair shampooing. ⋯ BPSS, while rare, can result from hyperextension during routine activities like salon visits. Its symptoms overlap with those of a classic stroke, emphasizing the importance of thorough history-taking and advanced neuroimaging. Pathophysiology is linked to vascular impingement or dissection, with factors like atherosclerosis and vertebral artery hypoplasia contributing. Treatment is tailored to the underlying cause, ranging from conservative measures to surgical interventions. Emergency physicians should consider BPSS in patients with recent neck hyperextension and acute neurological symptoms.
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Med. Clin. North Am. · Mar 2025
ReviewSecondary Risk Reduction after Transient Ischemic Attack and Minor Stroke.
This article discusses the evolving definitions of transient ischemic attack and minor strokes, highlighting the shared risk factors and the similarities in approach and early management. It emphasizes the importance of early identification and basic workup for these patients, as well as the most effective early antithrombotic therapies to date. The article also emphasizes the significance of controlling risk factors and concludes with a discussion of treatment strategies based on specific stroke etiologies.
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Apelin, an endogenous ligand of G protein-coupled receptor APJ, is widely distributed in the central nervous system (CNS). It can be divided into such subtypes as Apelin-13, Apelin-17, and Apelin-36 as they have different amino acid structures. ⋯ As an adipokine, Apelin has been found to play a crucial role in cardiovascular disease development. In this paper, we reviewed the effects and mechanisms of Apelin in treating CNS diseases, such as neurotrauma, stroke, spinal cord injury, primary tumors, neurodegenerative diseases, psychiatric diseases, epilepsy, and pain.
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Eur. J. Intern. Med. · Feb 2025
ReviewTreat the patient, not the disease: The embolic stroke of undetermined source as an opportunity to optimize cardiovascular prevention in a holistic approach.
For any physician treating a patient with a medical condition of unclear etiology, the differential diagnosis aims to identify the actual most probable cause among various potential etiologies, in order to tailor treatment options. In patients with embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS), this can be challenging due to the frequent presence of multiple potential embolic sources, raising difficulties to identify the most likely cause. Additionally, despite targeted preventive measures for the presumed embolic source, patients may remain at risk for stroke and cardiovascular events due to other unrecognized or underestimated pathologies. ⋯ In this context, rather than narrowing our perspective on identifying the specific embolic source presumed to be the most likely cause of ESUS, it is crucial to shift our focus from the disease to the patient, and evaluate the overall cardiovascular profile by assessing the risk of all cardiovascular comorbidities present, no matter if causally associated with ESUS or not. In order to bring across these points and more, this article is centred around a clinical case that serves as a starting point to illustrate the holistic approach to the management of patients with ESUS. After all, this is the beauty, the magic and the art of Internal Medicine: to treat the patient, not the disease, the system or the organ.
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Rodent models of cerebral ischemia provide a valuable contribution to a better understanding of stroke pathophysiology, to validate diagnostic methods, and to enable testing of new treatments for ischemia-reperfusion damage and comorbidities. However, ethical concerns have led to increased attention to the welfare aspects of such models. Supportive therapies are an essential part of the overall animal care and use program and should be tailored to the experimental model being studied, the regulatory requirements, and research objectives to achieve high-quality preclinical studies and ethical research practices. ⋯ This report provides a systematic review of the scientific literature covering the relevant period from years 1988 to September 2024, with the aim to investigating veterinary medical interventions useful to minimize suffering in rodent models of stroke without producing experimental bias. The research findings, consolidated from 181 selected studies, published from 1991 to 2023, indicate the feasibility of implementing personalized protocols of anesthesia, analgesics, antibiotics, and other supportive therapies in rodent models of stroke, while avoiding scientific interferences. These data fill a gap in current knowledge and could be of interest for an interdisciplinary audience working with rodent models of stroke, stimulating further refinements to safeguard both animal welfare and the validity of experimental findings, and may promote the culture of ethical conduct in various research fields and disciplines.