Articles: analgesia.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Randomised trial of analgesic effects of sucrose, glucose, and pacifiers in term neonates.
To assess and compare the analgesic effects of orally administered glucose and sucrose and pacifiers. To determine the synergistic analgesic effect of sucrose and pacifiers. ⋯ The analgesic effects of concentrated sucrose and glucose and pacifiers are clinically apparent in newborns, pacifiers being more effective than sweet solutions. The association of sucrose and pacifier showed a trend towards lower scores compared with pacifiers alone. These simple and safe interventions should be widely used for minor procedures in neonates.
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The ATP-gated K(+) channel openers diazoxide, levcromakalim and morphine induce cell hyperpolarization by opening the K(+) channels and enhancing K(+) efflux. This hyperpolarization decreases intracellular Ca(2+) levels, lessening neurotransmitter release thus leading to antinociception. ⋯ Antisense to all three opioid receptors attenuated the effect of diazoxide, suggesting that diazoxide is inducing the release of endogenous opioids activating the mu(MOR-1)-, delta(DOR-1)-, and kappa(KOR-1)-opioid receptors. Antisense to the mu-opioid receptor clone and delta-opioid receptor clone attenuated levcromakalim-induced antinociception, indicating that endogenous opioids acting at the mu- and delta-opioid receptors are potential candidates for the mediation of the antinociceptive effects of levcromakalim.
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Clinical Trial Controlled Clinical Trial
Intrathecal neostigmine and sufentanil for early labor analgesia.
Recent efforts to improve the combined spinal epidural (CSE) technique have focused on adding opioids to other classes of analgesics. In this study, the authors used intrathecal neostigmine in combination with intrathecal sufentanil to investigate the usefulness of neostigmine for reducing side effects and prolonging the duration of sufentanil. ⋯ The 10-microg intrathecal neostigmine dose alone produced no analgesia or side effects, but reduced the ED50 of intrathecal sufentanil by approximately 25%. Additionally, doses approximately double these ED50s each produced a similar duration of analgesia and side effects, indicating intrathecal neostigmine shifts the dose-response curve for intrathecal sufentanil to the left.