Articles: propylene-glycols.
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Suprarenal aortic cross clamping (SRACC) and reperfusion may cause acute pulmonary hypertension and multiple organ failure. ⋯ PDNO was an effective pulmonary vasodilator and appeared superior to nitroglycerin and inorganic nitrite, without causing significant systemic hypotension, impaired arterial oxygenation, or methaemoglobin formation in an animal model of SRACC and reperfusion. Also, PDNO may have kidney-protective effects and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Ingestion of toxic alcohols other than ethanol (ethylene glycol, methanol, isopropanol, and propylene glycol) can cause life-threatening complications including altered level of consciousness, respiratory depression, and organ damage from metabolites. Many hospitals lack the ability to specifically analyze these compounds using gas chromatography, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, or by enzymatic assays for ethylene glycol. Consequently, the presence of these compounds in blood is often ascertained indirectly by laboratory testing for acid-base status, osmolal gap, and anion gap. ⋯ The analyzed data is provided in the supplementary tables included in this article. Bias plots of osmolal gap estimations are included in a figure. The dataset reported is related to the research article entitled "Correlation of Osmolal Gap with Measured Concentrations of Acetone, Ethylene Glycol, Isopropanol, Methanol, and Propylene Glycol in Patients at an Academic Medical Center" [1].
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The ingestion of toxic alcohols including methanol, ethylene glycol, and isopropanol remains a significant public health problem. These compounds can cause central nervous system depression and, for methanol and ethylene glycol, organ damage from toxic metabolites. The presence of these compounds in serum/plasma can often be determined and monitored by measuring the osmolal gap (OG). ⋯ Higher variability was seen for the data for isopropanol and acetone. For each of the data subsets, the estimated toxic alcohol concentration calculated using conversion factors from OG tends to overestimate the actual concentration of the compound. Overall, the present study demonstrates the generally linear relationship between OG determined by osmolality and the OG estimated using measured concentrations of acetone and toxic alcohols.
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JUUL is an electronic cigarette (ECIG) with a compact form factor. It is prefilled with a liquid that is advertised to contain a high concentration of nicotine salt. JUUL commands 50% of the US ECIG market share, and its wide popularity with underage users has triggered unprecedented actions by the US FDA. Apart from its nicotine salt-containing liquid and compact form, a salient advertised design feature is a control circuit that limits the heating coil temperature, presumably reducing unwanted toxicants. In this study, several tobacco-flavoured JUUL devices were reverse engineered, and their aerosol emissions were studied. ⋯ JUUL emits a high-nicotine concentration aerosol predominantly in the protonated form. JUUL's nicotine-normalised formaldehyde and total aldehyde yields are lower than other previously studied ECIGs and combustible cigarettes.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Effect of endotracheal tube lubrication on cuff pressure increase during nitrous oxide exposure: a laboratory and prospective randomized controlled trial.
We previously demonstrated that lubrication of an endotracheal tube (ETT) cuff with K-Y™ jelly strongly and significantly inhibited the increase in cuff pressure during nitrous oxide (N2O) exposure in vitro. However, in our previous study, we identified critical differences between some influential factors, such as the amount of lubricant retained on the cuff, and studied temperature differences between laboratory and clinical conditions. Therefore, it remained unclear whether this effect holds true in clinical settings. ⋯ Lubrication of the ETT cuff with K-Y™ jelly may delay the increase in cuff pressure during general anaesthesia with N2O. However, the clinical significance of this effect may be limited.