Articles: propylene-glycols.
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Macromol Rapid Commun · Nov 2016
An Injectable Self-Healing Hydrogel Based on Chain-Extended PEO-PPO-PEO Multiblock Copolymer.
Injectable hydrogels have been commonly used as drug-delivery vehicles and tried in tissue engineering. Injectable self-healing hydrogels have great advantage over traditional injectable hydrogels because they can be injected as a liquid and then rapidly form bulk gels in situ at the target site under physiological conditions. ⋯ The rapid sol-gel transition ability under body temperature allows it to be used as injectable hydrogel and the self-healing property allows it to withstand repeated deformation and quickly recover its mechanical properties and structure through the dynamic covalent bonds. It is hoped that the novel strategy and the fascinating properties of the hydrogel as presented here will provide new opportunities with regard to the design and practical application of injectable self-healing hydrogels.
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BMC Pharmacol Toxicol · Dec 2015
A C. elegans model of electronic cigarette use: Physiological effects of e-liquids in nematodes.
Electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) have recently become very popular particularly among the younger generation. These nicotine delivery devices are viewed as a preferable alternative to more conventional forms of tobacco use and are thought to reduce the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, the third leading cause of death worldwide. However, there is very little data available on the consequences of e-cig use, though recently nicotine-independent inflammatory responses have been reported. The genetic model organism Caenorhabditis elegans is a soil nematode whose cell biology is remarkably well conserved with mammals. Here, we used C. elegans to test the physiologic effects of e-liquids used to refill e-cigs. ⋯ PG exposure is sufficient to induce an oxidative stress response in nematodes, while nicotine is not. Both PG and nicotine independently influence physiologic measures of health and viability. The e-liquid flavorings did not significantly impact outcomes and there was no evidence for vaporization altering toxicity. These data suggest that the major physiologically significant component of e-liquids besides nicotine is likely the common solvent PG. We conclude that C. elegans are an appropriate model to rapidly assess parameters that may contribute to the basic cell biological effects of e-cigs.
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J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther · Sep 2015
Development and Evaluation of a Guideline for Monitoring Propylene Glycol Toxicity in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Patients Receiving Continuous Infusion Lorazepam.
To develop and determine the safety of a guideline, by using osmol gap as an indicator of propylene glycol toxicity for pediatric patients receiving continuous infusion lorazepam. ⋯ A guideline for the use of lorazepam infusion in pediatric critical care patients was developed and evaluated for safety. Lorazepam continuous infusions appeared to be associated with minimal toxicity in pediatric intensive care unit patients when the osmol gap monitoring guideline was used.
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Fingolimod (FTY720) is approved for treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. In vitro studies have found that fingolimod stimulates remyelination in cerebellar slices, but in vivo animal studies have not detected any positive effect on cerebral remyelination. ⋯ The cuprizone model for de- and remyelination was used to evaluate whether fingolimod had an impact on cerebellar remyelination in vivo. We found that fingolimod did not have any effect on cerebellar remyelination, number of mature oligodendrocytes, microglia or astrocytes when fed after cuprizone exposure.