Articles: pediatrics.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · May 2014
Meta AnalysisDexamethasone, ondansetron, and their combination and postoperative nausea and vomiting in children undergoing strabismus surgery: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a common complication after pediatric strabismus surgery. Steroids and ondansetron (a 5-HT3 antagonist) can effectively reduce nausea, vomiting, and pain and thus might be useful agents for the prevention of PONV in pediatric patients. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the prophylactic effects of dexamethasone and ondansetron on PONV after strabismus surgery in pediatric patients. ⋯ Surgeons and anesthesiologists are recommended to administer the combination of dexamethasone and ondansetron to pediatric patients undergoing strabismus surgery.
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Meta Analysis
MRSA colonization and risk of infection in the neonatal and pediatric ICU: a meta-analysis.
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in NICUs and PICUs. Our objective was to assess the burden of MRSA colonization on admission, study the time trends, and examine the significance of MRSA colonization in this population. ⋯ In the NICU and PICU, there are carriers of MRSA on admission, and MRSA colonization in the NICU is almost exclusively associated with outborn neonates. Importantly, despite infection control measures, the acquisition rate is high, and patients colonized with MRSA on admission are more likely to suffer a MRSA infection during hospitalization.
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Meta Analysis
Is therapeutic hypothermia beneficial for pediatric patients with traumatic brain injury? A meta-analysis.
Hypothermia therapy shows its unique potential for reducing mortality in animal study and improving neurologic outcome in patients with traumatic brain injury. However, therapeutic hypothermia for pediatric traumatic brain injury remains a controversial issue. To determine the effectiveness and safety of hypothermia treatment for pediatric traumatic brain injury patients, we conducted this meta-analysis. ⋯ Hypothermia may slightly increase the risk of mortality in children with traumatic brain injury and the ratio of cardiac arrhythmia after this hypothermia therapy is slightly higher than that in normothermia groups. In the future, more randomized controlled trials and multicenter studies on the mechanism of therapeutic hypothermia are required.
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Meta Analysis
Pediatric palliative care in Canada and the United States: a qualitative metasummary of the needs of patients and families.
Qualitative research is becoming more common in pediatric palliative care and end-of-life care. The present article systematically reviews and summarizes qualitative and survey-based research on pediatric palliative and end-of-life care pertaining to the needs of patients and their families. ⋯ The results of this metasummary highlight the needs of patients and families to be taken into consideration in the creation of high-quality pediatric palliative and end-of-life care services and guidelines.
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Meta Analysis
The role of prospective randomized clinical trials in pediatric surgery: state of the art?
This study sought to determine the role of randomized controlled trials (RCT) in the evolution of pediatric surgical practice. ⋯ Clinical trials are used infrequently to answer questions related to pediatric surgery. When RCTs are utilized, they often suffer from poor trial design, inadequate statistical analysis, and incomplete reporting. Pediatric surgery could benefit from increased expertise, funding, and participation in clinical trials.