Articles: human.
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Administration of melatonin is hepatoprotective in various experimental models of stress; the mechanism of action can be attributed to antioxidant effects. While melatonin reduces hepatocellular injury after oxidative stress in animal models, this effect cannot be observed in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2). This study was designed to test the hypothesis that melatonin may influence viability of primary hepatocytes (PH) under oxidative stress. ⋯ : Melatonin pretreatment increases viability of PH but not of HepG2 cells under oxidative stress. This model of melatonin responsive (PH) and melatonin unresponsive (HepG2) cells will allow us to characterize the molecular pattern of melatonins protective effects under oxidative stress.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Iron Supplementation in Iron-Replete and Nonanemic Pregnant Women in Tanzania: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Anemia is common in pregnancy and increases the risk of adverse outcomes. Iron deficiency is a leading cause of anemia in sub-Saharan Africa, and iron supplementation is the standard of care during pregnancy; however, recent trials among children have raised concerns regarding the safety of iron supplementation in malaria-endemic regions. There is limited evidence on the safety of iron supplementation during pregnancy in these areas. ⋯ Prenatal iron supplementation among iron-replete, nonanemic women was not associated with an increased risk of placental malaria or other adverse events in the context of good malaria control. Participants receiving supplementation had improved hematologic and iron status at delivery compared with the placebo group. These findings provide support for continued administration of iron during pregnancy in malaria-endemic regions.
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Observational Study
A pilot study of the relationship between Doppler-estimated carotid and brachial artery flow and cardiac index.
We measured carotid and brachial artery blood flow by Doppler ultrasound in 11 human volunteers, and related these to cardiac index and to each other. The median (IQR [range]) carotid arterial blood flow was 0.334 (0.223-0.381 [0.052-0.563]) l.min(-1) on the right and 0.315 (0.223-0.369 [0.061-0.690]) l.min(-1) on the left. The brachial arterial blood flow was 0.049 (0.033-0.062 [0.015-0.204]) l.min(-1) on the right and 0.039 (0.027-0.054 [0.011-0.116]) on the left. ⋯ There was a moderate to good correlation between right-and left-sided flows (brachial: ρ = 0.45; carotid: ρ = 0.567). Brachial and carotid flow had no or a negative correlation with cardiac index (right brachial: ρ = -0.145, left brachial: ρ = -0.349; right carotid: ρ = -0.376, left carotid: ρ = -0.285). In contrast to some previous studies, we found that Doppler-estimated peripheral arterial blood flows only show a weak correlation with cardiac index and cannot be used to provide non-invasive estimates of cardiac index in man.
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Bone Marrow Transplant. · Oct 2015
Human herpesvirus 6B reactivation and delirium are frequent and associated events after cord blood transplantation.
Human herpesvirus 6B (HHV-6B) frequently reactivates after cord blood transplantation (CBT). We previously reported an association between HHV-6B reactivation and delirium after hematopoietic cell transplantation. ⋯ In addition, intensified prophylaxis with high-dose valacyclovir mitigated HHV-6B reactivation (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.14-1.08). Larger trials are needed to explore the utility of HHV-6B prophylaxis after CBT.
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Although multiple clinical trials are currently testing different stem cell therapies as treatment alternatives for many neurodegenerative diseases and spinal cord injury, the optimal injection parameters have not yet been defined. ⋯ This series supports the functional safety of various injection volumes and numbers in the spinal cord and gives critical insight into important safety thresholds. These results are relevant to all translational programs delivering cell therapeutics to the spinal cord.