Articles: human.
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According to the model of the glymphatic system, the directed flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a driver of waste clearance from the brain. In sleep, glymphatic transport is enhanced, but it is unclear how it is affected by anesthesia. Animal research indicates partially opposing effects of distinct anesthetics but corresponding results in humans are lacking. Thus, this study aims to investigate the effect of sevoflurane anesthesia on CSF flow in humans, both during and after anesthesia. ⋯ Collectively, our data show that sevoflurane impairs macroscopic CSF flow via a disruption of coherent gGM activity. This effect persists, at least for a short time, after regaining consciousness. Future studies need to elucidate whether this contributes to the emergence of postoperative neurocognitive symptoms, especially in older patients or those with dementia.
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Pain and itch are unpleasant and distinct sensations that give rise to behaviors such as reflexive withdrawal and scratching in humans and mice. Interestingly, it has been observed that pain modulates itch through the neural circuits housed in the brain and spinal cord. However, we have yet to fully understand the identities and mechanisms by which specific neural circuits mediate pain-induced modulation of itch. ⋯ The RVMTacr1 neurons were found to be nociceptive, sufficient for inhibiting itch, and necessary for pain-induced itch suppression. Moreover, through brain-wide anterograde and retrograde viral tracing studies, we found that the RVMTacr1 neurons are bidirectionally connected with LPBN, periaqueductal gray (PAG), and lateral hypothalamic area (LHA). Thus, together, our data indicate that the RVMTacr1 neurons integrate nociceptive information to mediate itch-induced scratching and can mediate the physiological effects of itch through their downstream targets.
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Chinese medical journal · Jan 2025
Hearing loss prevalence and burden of disease in China: Findings from provincial-level analysis.
Without timely and effective rehabilitation, hearing loss may profoundly affect human life quality. China has a large population of hearing-impaired individuals, which imposes a heavy health burden on society. Moreover, this population is projected to increase rapidly owing to China's aging society. ⋯ The hearing loss prevalence in China is high. Population aging and socioeconomic factors substantially affect the prevalence and severity of hearing loss and the disease burden. The prevalence and severity of hearing loss are unevenly distributed across different provinces. Future public health policies should take these trends and regional variations into account.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Guselkumab in patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis (QUASAR): phase 3 double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled induction and maintenance studies.
Interleukin-23 inhibition is effective in treating ulcerative colitis. Guselkumab is a dual-acting, human IgG1, interleukin-23p19 subunit inhibitor that potently neutralises interleukin-23 and can bind to CD64. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of guselkumab as induction and maintenance therapy in patients with ulcerative colitis. ⋯ Janssen Research and Development.