Articles: pain-measurement.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Analgesic efficacy of low-dose ketamine. Somatosensory-evoked responses in relation to subjective pain ratings.
Low-dose ketamine has been shown to exert analgesic effects. Whether ketamine-induced pain relief may be quantitated by somatosensory evoked cerebral potentials has not been established. ⋯ These data indicate that pain relief induced by low-dose ketamine is dose-dependent for the first 30 min after bolus injection. Changes in pain perception may be quantitated by somatosensory-evoked cortical responses. Also, EEG changes are not specific for changes in nociception, but the increase in theta power may reflect the hypnotic effect of low-dose ketamine.
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Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther · May 1996
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial[Differential indications of non-opioid drugs for postoperative analgesia II. Quantification of the analgesic effect of a combination of metamizol plus diclofenac via patient-controlled analgesia].
In a previous study we investigated the analgesic efficacy of metamizol. After laparoscopic operations, in particular, the reduction of postoperative opioid requirements within the first 24 h after surgery attained clinical relevance (-67%). In the present study we investigated the analgesic efficacy of supplementary diclofenac. ⋯ Combination of metamizol and diclofenac cause a clinically relevant reduction in opioid requirements, in particular after minor orthopaedic surgery and resection of the thyroid gland. There is no need for supplementary diclofenac following laparoscopic surgery.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Responsiveness of functional status in low back pain: a comparison of different instruments.
This study compares the responsiveness of three instruments of functional status: two disease-specific questionnaires (Oswestry and Roland Disability Questionnaires), and a patient-specific method (severity of the main complaint). We compared changes over time of functional status instruments with pain rated on a visual analog scale. Two strategies for evaluating the responsiveness in terms of sensitivity to change and specificity to change were used: effect size statistics and receiver-operating characteristic method. ⋯ The sensitivity to change of the rating of Oswestry Questionnaire was lower than that of the other instruments. The main complaint was not very specific to change. The two strategies for evaluating the responsiveness were very useful and appeared to complement each other.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
A new analogue scale for assessing children's pain: an initial validation study.
A new instrument was designed to provide a practical clinical measure for assessing children's pain intensity and pain affect. The pocket size measure includes a Coloured Analogue Scale (CAS) to assess intensity and a facial affective scale to assess the aversive component of pain. Both scales have numerical ratings on the back, so that the person administering it can quickly note the numbers that represent a child's pain. ⋯ The new instrument has equivalent psychometric properties to a 165 mm VAS. However, the CAS was rated as easier to administer and score than the VAS, so it may be more practical for routine clinical use. Since the CAS has fulfilled the first two criteria for a pain measure (psychophysical properties and discriminant validity), it is ethical to proceed with the formal definitive test for construct validity, in which children from various clinical populations use the CAS scale to assess their own pain.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
A new method of recording somatosensory evoked potentials by randomized electrical tooth stimulation with 6 levels of intensity.
Dental somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) corresponding to the stimulus intensity levels were recorded at 6 different levels of intensity presented in a randomized order. The relationships between the amplitude of the late SEP component with latency between 150 and 300 msec and each stimulus intensity level were also compared in conditions of randomized intensity and constant intensity. The amplitude of the late component increased significantly with the increased stimulus intensity both in the randomized and constant intensity stimulation. ⋯ The latency of the late positive component significantly increased with the randomized stimulation with a 3-sec ISI. This phenomenon might be attributable to the psychological contamination. SEP recording in the randomized dental stimulation with a 1-sec ISI may have applications in neuropharmacological research or physiological research on pain and evaluation of the effects of analgesics, anesthetics, acupuncture and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS).