Articles: pain-measurement.
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Multicenter Study Observational Study
Validation of the "Pain Block" concrete ordinal scale for children aged 4 to 7 years.
Pain scales using faces are commonly used tools for assessing pain in children capable of communicating. However, some children require other types of pain scales because they have difficulties in understanding faces pain scales. The goal of this study was to develop and validate the "Pain Block" concrete ordinal scale for 4- to 7-year-old children. ⋯ The differences in mean scores between the painful group and nonpainful group were 3.3 (95% confidence interval, 2.6-4.1) and 3.8 (95% confidence interval, 3.1-4.6) for FPR-S and Pain Block, respectively. The pain scores for both pain scales were significantly decreased when analgesics or pain-relieving procedures were administered (difference in Pain Block, 2.4 [1.4-3.3]; and difference in FPS-R, 2.3 [1.3-3.3]). The Pain Block pain scale could be used to assess pain in 4- to 7-year-old children capable of understanding and counting up to the number 5, even if they do not understand the FPS-R pain scale.
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Observational Study
Does Neurofunction Monitoring Enhance Nursing Confidence and Comfort?
Despite advances in the science of sedation and pain assessment, few studies have examined the impact of various assessment tools on nursing confidence. This study examines how bispectral index monitoring impacts nursing confidence in the assessment and comfort in medication administration based on that assessment. ⋯ From 110 nurse surveys, nurses had higher confidence assessing pain and sedation when BIS monitor was used in concert with RASS assessments for patients with neuromuscular blockade agents. There was no different in confidence in- nor comfort with- sedation and pain assessments for patients not receiving neuromuscular blockade agents.
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Uncontrolled pain, especially in patients with advanced cancer, affects quality of life negatively and causes negative physical and psychological conditions. The aim of this study was to explore the pain experiences of patients with advanced cancer and how they manage with pain, and to present a view of pain management approaches of nurses from the perspectives of the patients. ⋯ This study demonstrated the difficulties of patients with advanced cancer who experienced pain in their daily lives, yet lack pain management strategies. Furthermore, nurses' caring approaches to patients with advanced cancer who experienced pain was found inadequate. Oncology nurses should provide educational interventions in order to enhance knowledge and skills about pain assessment and non-pharmacologic and pharmacologic strategies used in pain management.
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J Pain Symptom Manage · Apr 2018
Comparative StudyComparison of Indicators for Achievement of Pain Control With a Personalized Pain Goal in a Comprehensive Cancer Center.
The achievement of a personalized pain goal (PPG) is advocated as an individualized pain relief indicator. ⋯ The achievement of PPG was a stricter pain relief indicator than PI and interference and may reflect a real need for pain control.
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Pain is a central topic on neonatal intensive care units (NICU). Acute as well as prolonged (continuous and chronic) pain frequently occurs. ⋯ Therefore, limitation of the number of pain stimuli and the medicinal guideline "as much as necessary but as little as possible" are eminently important. When dealing with prolonged (continuous and chronic) pain, further challenges are a reduction of analgesics and sedatives as well as avoidance of withdrawal symptoms.