Articles: pain-measurement.
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J Neuroimmune Pharmacol · Dec 2020
Review Meta AnalysisAnalgesic Effects of Cannabinoids for Chronic Non-cancer Pain: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis with Meta-Regression.
There is growing interest in using cannabinoids for chronic pain. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to evaluate the analgesic efficacy and adverse effects of cannabinoids for chronic non-cancer pain. PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane CENTRAL and clinicaltrials.gov were searched up to December 2018. ⋯ The GRADE level of evidence was low to moderate. Pain intensity of chronic non-cancer patients was reduced by cannabinoids consumption, but effect sizes were small. Efficacy for neuropathic and non-neuropathic pain was similar.
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There is currently no gold standard instrument for assessing pain in severely cognitively impaired adults who are unable to provide self-report. ⋯ The results of this study indicate that the PACSLAC may be the more reliable tool over the PAINAD; however, rater training and familiarity with the tool is critical.
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The FLACC (Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability) pain scale is commonly used for pediatric pain assessment; however, no online educational tool exists to facilitate the use of the scale. ⋯ Because the intervention improved knowledge, user confidence, and assessment accuracy of moderate pain, it would be useful to implement such a tool as part of clinician education. However, further modifications will be needed to improve assessment of mild pain.
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Pediatric emergency care · Dec 2020
Diagnosis and Treatment of Headache in a Pediatric Emergency Department.
The aims of the study were (1) to analyze the etiology and clinical management of headaches in children in the emergency department and (2) to analyze the treatment used in children diagnosed with headaches and with migraines. ⋯ Secondary benign headaches were the most common and very rarely headache as a symptom was associated with life-threatening situations. Antiemetics seem to be efficient ally in the treatment of primary headaches, but it is important to consider alternative pharmacological regimes in patients who present with higher pain scores.