Articles: nerve-block.
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Case Reports
Transient diplopia as a result of block injections. Mandibular and posterior superior alveolar.
Anesthetic "accidents" can and do happen as a result of maxillary and/or mandibular injections. The family practitioner has little or no control now. The anatomical pathways are discussed, but are not clear.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Priming with rocuronium accelerates the onset of neuromuscular blockade.
To investigate the effects of priming rocuronium on the time course of neuromuscular blockade. ⋯ Priming rocuronium decreased the onset times and thus, the intubating times without increasing the clinical duration of action or recovery index.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
The optimal dose of local anaesthetic in the orthogonal two-needle technique. Extent of sensory block after the injection of 20, 30 and 40 mL of anaesthetic solution.
Ninety patients undergoing scheduled upper limb orthopaedic surgery were studied to determine the optimal anaesthetic dose using the 'orthogonal two-needle technique'. The patients were randomly assigned to one of three groups to receive one of three different volumes (20, 30 and 40 mL) (n = 30) of anaesthetic solution (a mixture of equal parts of 0.5% bupivacaine with adrenaline 1:200,000 and 2% lignocaine). A significant correlation was found between the volume injected and the anaesthetic spread for all tested areas. ⋯ The comparisons between the 20 mL group and the other two groups are significant in all the tested areas, as well as the comparisons between 30 and 40 mL groups in the areas innervated by radial and musculocutaneous nerves. Only the area innervated by the axillary nerve showed a weaker volume-analgesia relation, confirming the elusiveness of this area to anaesthesia in the axillary approaches. The improved results observed using greater amounts of anaesthetic solution might result from a higher intrasheath pressure with disruption of sheath septa, or from a greater availability of drug for all the terminal branches of brachial plexus, or both.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · May 1997
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialComparison between conventional axillary block and a new approach at the midhumeral level.
We undertook this prospective, randomized study to compare the success rate, time spent performing the blocks, onset time of surgical anesthesia, presence of complete motor blockade, and lidocaine plasma concentrations between conventional axillary block and a new approach at the midhumeral level. Both techniques were performed using a peripheral nerve stimulator. Two nerves were located at the axillary crease, whereas four nerves were located at the midhumeral level. ⋯ The success rate of the block, as well as the incidence of complete motor blockade, was greater with the midhumeral approach compared with the axillary approach. However, the onset time to complete anesthesia of the upper extremity was shorter in the axillary approach. For brachial plexus anesthesia, we conclude that the midhumeral approach provided a greater success rate than the traditional axillary approach.
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A cross-sectional study. ⋯ When the appropriate technique is used, medial branch blocks are target specific. To guard against false-negative responses due to intravenous up-take, contrast medium must be used before the injection of local anaesthetic.