Articles: edema-etiology.
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Pediatric emergency care · May 2019
ReviewCurrent Approach to the Evaluation and Management of Hair-Thread Tourniquets.
Hair-thread tourniquet syndrome is a rare, painful condition that occurs when a strand of hair or thread becomes wrapped around toes, fingers, or other appendages. This causes focal edema, which eventually reduces arterial blood flow and can lead to ischemia and necrosis. ⋯ Successfully treated cases can be discharged with local wound care. Parents should be advised on prevention strategies and ensure close follow-up for reexamination.
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It has been argued that the oedema of kwashiorkor is not caused by hypoalbuminaemia because the oedema disappears with dietary treatment before the plasma albumin concentration rises. Reanalysis of this evidence and a review of the literature demonstrates that this was a mistaken conclusion and that the oedema is linked to hypoalbuminaemia. This misconception has influenced the recommendations for treating children with severe acute malnutrition. ⋯ In CNS this is successfully treated with intravenous albumin boluses. By contrast, the WHO advise the cautious administration of hypotonic intravenous fluids in kwashiorkor with shock, which has about a 50% mortality. It is time to trial intravenous bolus albumin for the treatment of children with kwashiorkor and shock.
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Postoperative airway compromise due to laryngopharyngeal edema is a potentially serious adverse event associated with anterior cervical spine surgery. The reported incidence of this complication has varied from 1.2% to 6.1%, with a higher incidence following multi-level surgery. The relevant literature on airway compromise following anterior cervical spine surgery is reviewed.