Nutrition
-
Multicenter Study
Severity of obesity is associated with worse cardiometabolic risk profile in adolescents: Findings from a Brazilian national study (ERICA).
The prevalence of obesity and severe obesity among adolescents has increased dramatically in developing countries. However, the distribution of cardiometabolic risk factors through the severity of obesity continuum is relatively unknown among youth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of weight categories with cardiometabolic risk factors among Brazilian adolescents. ⋯ Progressive degrees of excess weight are positively associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in youth from a middle-income country, indicating the importance in classifying the severity of weight excess among adolescents and considering this to plan prevention programs against early development of obesity-related diseases.
-
Decision-making on artificial nutrition and hydration for patients terminally ill with cancer can be influenced by nurses' knowledge, attitudes, and behavioral intentions. A comprehensive 57-item questionnaire including six sections on the knowledge, attitudes, and behavioral intentions in providing artificial nutrition and hydration to patients terminally ill with cancer has been developed and used in Taiwan. However, the questionnaire needs further psychometric testing and adaptation for other cultures. This study aimed to cross-culturally adapt the questionnaire within the Italian cultural context and test its psychometric properties. ⋯ This study constituted a notable advancement in the psychometric testing of the tool, and provides evidence that the Italian version of the questionnaire has acceptable psychometric characteristics for the sections on knowledge and attitudes.
-
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver morbidity. This condition often is accompanied by obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome (MetS). The aim of this study was to evaluate the connection between lifestyle factors and NAFLD in individuals with MetS. ⋯ Physical activity, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and consumption of legumes were inversely associated with a non-invasive marker of NAFLD in individuals with MetS. This data can be useful in implementing precision strategies aimed at the prevention, monitoring, and management of NAFLD.
-
Multicenter Study
Changes in the availability of clinical practice guidelines for malnutrition: A 6-y multicenter study.
The aim of the study was to examine the availability of clinical practice guidelines for malnutrition in hospitals over a period of 6 y and the subsequent use of nutritional interventions in malnourished patients. ⋯ The availability of guidelines on malnutrition increased in participating hospitals over the 6-y study period. Regular controls of adherence to the guidelines positively correlated with their availability. More interventions to treat malnutrition were carried out in 2017. The use of clinical practice guidelines in this study was associated with more interventions treating malnutrition.
-
Multicenter Study
Widespread vitamin D deficiency and its sex-specific association with adiposity in Chinese children and adolescents.
Vitamin D is involved in various physiologic and pathologic processes in the human body. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and the association of adiposity indicators with 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) in Chinese children and adolescents. ⋯ Vitamin D deficiency was widespread and its sex-specific association with an excess of body fat in Chinese children and adolescents. The findings indicate that targeted screening and treatment guidelines may be useful.