Articles: human.
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J Neurosurg Anesthesiol · Apr 2016
Review Meta AnalysisThe Cerebrovascular Response to Ketamine: A Systematic Review of the Animal and Human Literature.
The aim of the study was to perform a systematic review of the literature on the cerebrovascular/cerebral blood flow (CBF) effects of ketamine in both animal and human subjects. ⋯ Animal models indicate an increase in global CBF and rCBF with ketamine administration, with a trend to vasodilation of medium-sized intracranial vessels through a calcium-dependent mechanism. Human studies display an Oxford 2b, Grading of Recommendation Assessment Development and Education C, level of evidence to support a trend to increased global CBF and rCBF with ketamine administration in both healthy volunteers and elective surgical patients without neurological illness.
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Review Meta Analysis
Hydrolysed formula and risk of allergic or autoimmune disease: systematic review and meta-analysis.
To determine whether feeding infants with hydrolysed formula reduces their risk of allergic or autoimmune disease. ⋯ PROSPERO CRD42013004252.
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Clin J Am Soc Nephrol · Mar 2016
Review Meta AnalysisEffect of Lowering the Dialysate Temperature in Chronic Hemodialysis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Lowering the dialysate temperature may improve outcomes for patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis. We reviewed the reported benefits and harms of lower temperature dialysis. ⋯ In patients receiving chronic hemodialysis, reduced temperature dialysis may reduce the rate of intradialytic hypotension and increase intradialytic mean arterial pressure. High-quality, large, multicenter, randomized trials are needed to determine whether reduced temperature dialysis affects patient mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events.
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Clin J Am Soc Nephrol · Feb 2016
Review Meta AnalysisSevelamer Versus Calcium-Based Binders for Treatment of Hyperphosphatemia in CKD: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
People with CKD stages 3-5 and on dialysis (5D) have dramatically increased mortality, which has been associated with hyperphosphatemia in many studies. Oral phosphate binders are commonly prescribed to lower serum phosphate. We conducted an updated meta-analysis of the noncalcium-based binder (non-CBB) sevelamer versus CBBs in CKD stages 3-5D. ⋯ Patients with CKD stages 3-5D using sevelamer have lower all-cause mortality compared with those using CBBs. Because of a lack of placebo-controlled studies, questions remain regarding phosphate binder benefits for patients with CKD stages 3-5 and not on dialysis.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Jan 2016
Review Meta AnalysisTachyphylaxis to local anaesthetics. What is the clinical evidence? A systematic review.
Tachyphylaxis or acute tolerance to local anaesthetics has been reported, but the prevalence in clinical analgesia is obscure, and the mechanisms behind this phenomenon remain unclear. We sought to examine the clinical significance of tachyphylaxis from the available literature. ⋯ Studies documenting tachyphylaxis with clinical use of local anaesthetics are surprisingly scarce, and the mechanisms behind it remain unclear.