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Sestrin 2 (SESN2) is a stress-inducible protein that protects tissues from oxidative stress and delays the aging process. However, its role in maintaining the functional and structural integrity of the cochlea is largely unknown. Here, we report the expression of SESN2 protein in the sensory epithelium, particularly in hair cells. ⋯ Hair cell death occurred by caspase-8 mediated apoptosis. Compared to C57BL/6J control mice, Sesn2 KO mice displayed enhanced expression of proinflammatory genes and activation of basilar membrane macrophages, suggesting that loss of SESN2 function provokes the immune response. Together, these results suggest that Sesn2 plays an important role in cochlear homeostasis and immune responses to stress.
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Dtsch. Med. Wochenschr. · Jul 2011
Review[ADP receptor blockers: new insights in the therapy and prophylaxis of ischemic heart disease].
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced platelet activation plays a pivotal role in the thrombocyte aggregation and pathogenesis of ischemic heart disease. The long-term benefit of dual anti-platelet therapy with ADP-receptor antagonists, such as clopidogrel, in combination with aspirin is well established for patients following coronary stent implantation. This review discusses latest developments in the field of ADP-receptor antagonists.
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Clinical cardiology · Oct 2007
Blood transfusion and in-hospital outcomes in anemic patients with myocardial infarction undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.
Studies have shown poor prognostic implications of anemia in patients with myocardial infarction (MI) and in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The impact of blood transfusion in these populations remains controversial. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of transfusion on in-hospital mortality in anemic patients undergoing PCI for MI. ⋯ After adjustment for comorbidities and propensity for transfusion, blood transfusion was associated with a higher risk of in-hospital mortality (adjusted odds ratio = 2.02, 95% confidence interval 1.47-2.79, p < 0.0001). In anemic patients undergoing PCI for MI, transfusion was associated with an increased crude and adjusted rate of in-hospital mortality. A randomized controlled trial is needed to determine the value of transfusion and the ideal transfusion criteria.
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Pediatric neurology · Mar 2011
Case ReportsHypoplasia of the trapezius and history of ipsilateral transient neonatal brachial plexus palsy.
We present two children with hypoplasia of the left trapezius muscle and a history of ipsilateral transient neonatal brachial plexus palsy without documented trapezius weakness. Magnetic resonance imaging in these patients with unilateral left hypoplasia of the trapezius revealed decreased muscles in the left side of the neck and left supraclavicular region on coronal views, decreased muscle mass between the left splenius capitis muscle and the subcutaneous tissue at the level of the neck on axial views, and decreased size of the left paraspinal region on sagittal views. ⋯ Careful documentation of neck and shoulder movements can distinguish among shoulder weakness because of trapezius hypoplasia, brachial plexus palsy, or brachial plexus palsy with trapezius hypoplasia. Hence, we recommend precise documentation of neck movements in the initial description of patients with suspected neonatal brachial plexus palsy.