Trending Articles
-
The record of the first cases of leprosy in Rio de Janeiro dates from the seventeenth century. The first local host of leprosy patients was created from 1741, and the first colonies hospitals were built in the early twentieth century, in order to avoid contagion of the population. The first structures dedicated to research also date from this time: the Leprosy International Institute, the Leprology Institute, and the Leprosy Laboratory of the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, where the most prestigious leprologists of Rio de Janeiro worked. Currently, investigations are focused on the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation; additionally, leprosy patients are treated at municipal health centers and state hospitals, and former colony hospitals only accept patients with severe disabilities.
-
The term subclinical thyroid disorders apply to patients who have an abnormal serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentration but thyroxine and triiodothyronine levels within their reference ranges. Subclinical hypothyroidism occurs in 4% to 10% of the general population, and is especially prevalent in elderly women. Depending on the study, subclinical hyperthyroidism has been found in 0.6-16 % of the population. ⋯ Treatment of subclinical thyroid disorders is controversial. In this paper, we discuss the prevalence, aetiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, natural history, and potential pathophysiological consequences of subclinical hypothyroidism and subclinical hyperthyroidism. We also provide some screening and management recommendations.
-
Randomized Controlled Trial
Dry needle stimulation of myofascial trigger points evokes segmental anti-nociceptive effects.
To test the hypothesis that dry needle stimulation of a myofascial trigger point (sensitive locus) evokes segmental anti-nociceptive effects. ⋯ One intervention of dry needle stimulation to a single trigger point (sensitive locus) evokes short-term segmental anti-nociceptive effects. These results suggest that trigger point (sensitive locus) stimulation may evoke anti-nociceptive effects by modulating segmental mechanisms, which may be an important consideration in the management of myofascial pain.
-
South Africa (SA) has one of the largest HIV/AIDS epidemics in the world and the most extensive antiretroviral therapy (ART) programme globally, which was rolled out from 2004. This paper reports the trends in HIV/AIDS mortality pre and post ART rollout in SA. Methods. Vital registration cause-of-death data from Statistics South Africa were adjusted for under-reporting of deaths using demographic methods. ⋯ The number of HIV/AIDS deaths has almost halved since the ART rollout. Of concern is the high mortality in men 45 years and older and the high mortality of men compared with women in the older ages by 2012; this gap has increased with age. Treatment and prevention programmes should strategise how to target men.
-
Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther · Jul 2017
Review[Development of Anaesthesia-Related Mortality and Impact On Perioperative Outcome].
Achievements in anaesthesiology form the basis for the tremendous development of surgical therapy. Reliable monitoring technology, which is scrutinized on a regular basis using checklists, is allowing anaesthesia at the borders of physiology. ⋯ Furthermore, postoperative care in specialised units and intensive care wards is a key factor of improved patient outcome after surgery. In the future, unravelling the interactions of anaesthesia, surgical trauma and postoperative complications will further contribute to improved patient safety.