Nutrition
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Review Meta Analysis
An updated systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of the effects of α-lipoic acid supplementation on glycemic markers in adults.
This systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis was conducted to summarize data from available clinical trials on the effects of α-lipoic acid (ALA) supplementation on glycemic markers including glucose, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), HOMA-β, and quantitative insulin check index in adults. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in the electronic databases of PubMed, Web of Science, ProQuest, Embase and SCOPUS from inception to February 2020. Among all of the eligible studies, 28 articles were selected. ⋯ No evidence of departure from linearity was observed between dose and duration of the ALA supplementation on other markers. The subgrouping revealed that ALA dosage and duration of ALA supplementation, health status of participants, geographic locations and the studies' quality are possible sources of heterogeneity. In summary, ALA supplementation improves serum insulin and insulin resistance in a two-class and duration dependent non-linear analysis.
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Review Meta Analysis
Effects of intermittent fasting diets on plasma concentrations of inflammatory biomarkers: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Intermittent fasting (IF) and energy-restricted diets (ERDs) have emerged as dietary approaches to decrease inflammatory status; however, there are no consistent results regarding humans. To achieve a comprehensive conclusion, we aimed to conduct a meta-analysis of randomized control trials (RCTs) to evaluate the effects of IF or ERDs on plasma concentrations of inflammatory biomarkers. We systematically searched online medical databases including Web of Sciences, PubMed, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar up to June 2019. ⋯ However, IF and ERDs did not significantly reduced tumor necrosis factor-α (WMD: -0.158 pg/mL; P = 0.549, I2 = 98.3) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations (WMD: -0.541 pg/mL; P = 0.080, I2 = 94.7%). This meta-analysis demonstrated that IF regimens and ERDs may reduce CRP concentrations, particularly in overweight and obese individuals and through a considerable length of intervention (≥2 mo). However, neither dietary model affected the concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α or interleukin-6.
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Review Meta Analysis
Biomarker of dietary linoleic acid and risk for stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Previous observational studiíes provided conflicting findings on the relationship between linoleic acid (LA) and the risk for stroke. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of LA levels in blood or adipose tissue samples with risk for stroke. ⋯ The present study supported an inverse association of LA levels with the risk for stroke, particularly ischemic stroke. Racial disparity exists in the association between LA and the risk for stroke, which deserves further studies.
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Review Meta Analysis
Gut microbiota-dependent trimethylamine N-oxide and all-cause mortality: Findings from an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.
The gut microbiota-derived metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) has been regarded as one of the potent risk factors for cardiovascular events and diabetes. In the current meta-analysis we quantitatively summarized and updated the results of studies regarding the association between TMAO and mortality. A systematic search was performed from PubMed, ProQuest, Scopus, and Embase. ⋯ There were 31 230 participants included and the results showed that being in the highest category of TMAO increased the hazard ratio (HR) of mortality by 47%. Moreover, there was a non-linear association between increased TMAO concentrations and HR of mortality. In the current dose-response meta-analysis, we revealed a positive association between TMAO and mortality risk among an adult population.
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Review Meta Analysis
Effects of intermittent fasting and energy-restricted diets on lipid profile: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
To the best of our knowledge, no systematic review and meta-analysis has evaluated the cholesterol-lowering effects of intermittent fasting (IF) and energy-restricted diets (ERD) compared with control groups. The aim of this review and meta-analysis was to summarize the effects of controlled clinical trials examining the influence of IF and ERD on lipid profiles. ⋯ Relative to a non-diet control, IF and ERD are effective for the improvement of circulating TC, LDL-C, and TG concentrations, but have no meaningful effects on HDL-C concentration. These effects are influenced by several factors that may inform clinical practice and future research. The present results suggest that these dietary practices are a means of enhancing the lipid profile in humans.