Articles: etiology.
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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) targeting myelinated axons. Pathogenesis of MS entails an intricate genetic, environmental, and immunological interaction. Dysregulation of immune response i.e. autoreactive T & B-Cells and macrophage infiltration into the CNS leads to inflammation, demyelination, and neurodegeneration. ⋯ Therapeutic innovations have significantly transformed the management of MS, especially the use of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) to reduce relapse rates and control disease progression. Advancements in research, neuroprotective strategies, and remyelination strategies hold promising results in reversing CNS damage. Various mice models are being adopted for testing new entities in MS research.
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Arch Orthop Trauma Surg · Feb 2025
Comparative StudySeptic vs. aseptic revision knee arthroplasty: are scoring systems effective in communicating the nuances?
In comparison to primary TKA, outcomes of revision TKA will always appear inferior. When trying to assess outcomes of revision TKA for PJI, a group of aseptic revisions can serve as a reliable control, as compared to primary TKA. Our primary aim was to compare functional outcomes of septic versus aseptic revisions by using 5 scoring systems. ⋯ In our study, there was a significant difference in the outcome of revision TKA based on etiology only with regards to the WOMAC score. Moreover, our study brings to the fore the importance of not just surgical management of patients with septic failure but also the importance of paying heed to the emotional and social problems encountered by these patients which has an impact on their outcome as a whole and diminishes their perception of benefit from revision surgery in spite of equivocal knee scores as compared to their counterparts.
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To investigate the relationship between spinal cord anatomy and the risk of curve progression in mild to moderate adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). ⋯ We found significant displacement of the medulla towards the concavity of the curve in progressive AIS. This finding supports the theory of a neuro-osseous growth mismatch as a part of the etiopathophysiology of AIS and may play a predictive role in prognosis of milder cases of AIS.
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Postgraduate medicine · Jan 2025
Factors associated with renal involvement in adult immunoglobulin a vasculitis: what is it?
The objective of this study is to examine the potential of specific parameters in determining renal involvement in adult patients diagnosed with Immunoglobulin A vasculitis (IgAV). ⋯ The initial BVAS above 7.5, and baseline FAR above 24.97 are factors associated with renal involvement. The results of this study may provide the basis for identifying individuals at high risk for renal involvement and, consequently, for more rigorous monitoring.
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Spinal arachnoiditis (SA) involves chronic inflammation of the spinal arachnoid membrane, often due to surgery, trauma, infections, or autoimmune issues. It leads to ongoing pain and sensory disturbances in the back and lower limbs, along with possible bladder and bowel issues. Treatments focus on symptom relief and improving life quality. Despite growing research interest, a comprehensive analysis of SA's research trends is missing. This study uses bibliometric analysis to explore SA research trends, offering guidance for future research directions. ⋯ This study provides the first extensive bibliometric overview of SA research, examining trends, hotspots, and future paths. It covers 7 key areas: from fundamental and pathogenesis research to personalized medicine and public education, reflecting a shift toward clinical applications and social strategies. The goal is to enhance understanding and treatment of SA.